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27 - EBV gene expression and regulation

from Part II - Basic virology and viral gene effects on host cell functions: gammaherpesviruses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
Lawrence S. Young ,
John R. Arrand  and
Paul G. Murray
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
Lawrence S. Young
Affiliation:
Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, UK
John R. Arrand
Affiliation:
Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, UK
Paul G. Murray
Affiliation:
Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, UK
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

Introduction

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is an extremely efficient virus infecting the majority of the world's adult population (Rickinson and Kieff, 2001). Following primary infection, EBV persists in the infected host as a lifelong asymptomatic infection. Early in the course of primary infection, EBV infects B-lymphocytes, although it is not known where B-lymphocytes are infected and whether this involves epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract. To achieve long-term persistence in vivo, EBV colonizes the memory B-cell pool where it establishes latent infection, which is characterized by the expression of a limited subset of virus genes, known as the “latent” genes (Thorley-Lawson, 2001). There are several well-described forms of EBV latency, each of which is utilized by the virus at different stages of the virus life cycle and which are also reflected in the patterns of latency observed in the various EBV-associated malignancies (Rickinson and Kieff, 2001; Young and Murray, 2003). Furthermore, during its life cycle EBV must periodically enter the replicative cycle in order to generate infectious virus for transmission to other susceptible hosts, although it is also not clear whether this occurs in B-lymphocytes or in other cell types of the oropharynx (Rickinson and Kieff, 2001).

This chapter describes the EBV latency and replicative programs utilized by the virus as a means to understand how the virus infects and then establishes persistence in the host.

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 461 - 489
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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