Albus, M., Hubmann, W., Ehrenberg, C., et al. 1996. Neuropsychological impairment in first-episode and chronic schizophrenic patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 246, 249–55.
Altshuler, L., Mintz, J., & Leight, K. 2002. The Life Functioning Questionnaire (LFQ): a brief, gender-neutral scale assessing functional outcome. Psychiatry Res 112, 161–82.
Altshuler, L.L., Post, R.M., Black, D.O., et al. 2006. Subsyndromal depressive symptoms are associated with functional impairment in patients with bipolar disorder: results of a large, multisite study. J Clin Psychiatry 67, 1551–60.
Anaya, C., Martínez-Arán, A., Ayuso-Mateos, J.L., et al. 2012. A systematic review of cognitive remediation for schizo-affective and affective disorders. J Affect Disord 142, 13–21.
Antila, M., Tuulio-Henriksson, A., Kieseppa, T., et al. 2007. Cognitive functioning in patients with familial bipolar I disorder and their unaffected relatives. Psychol Med 37, 679–87.
Arts, B., Jabben, N., Krabbendam, L., & van Os, J. 2008. Meta-analyses of cognitive functioning in euthymic bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives. Psychol Med 38, 771–85.
Balanza-Martinez, V., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Selva-Vera, G., et al. 2005. Persistent cognitive dysfunctions in bipolar I disorder and schizophrenic patients: a 3-year follow-up study. Psychother Psychosom 74, 113–19.
Balanza-Martinez, V., Rubio, C., Selva-Vera, G., et al. 2008. Neurocognitive endophenotypes (endophenocognitypes) from studies of relatives of bipolar disorder subjects: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 32, 1426–38.
Bell, M.D., Bryson, G.J., Greig, T.C., Fiszdon, J.M., & Wexler, B.E. 2005. Neurocognitive enhancement therapy with work therapy: productivity outcomes at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. J Rehabil Res Dev 42, 829–38.
Berk, M., Hallam, K.T., & McGorry, P.D. 2007. The potential utility of a staging model as a course specifier: a bipolar disorder perspective. J Affect Disord 100, 279–81.
Bonnín, C. del M., Martínez-Arán, A., Torrent, C., et al. 2010. Clinical and neurocognitive predictors of functional outcome in bipolar euthymic patients: a long-term, follow-up study. J Affect Disord 121, 156–60.
Bonnín, C. del M., González-Pinto, A., Solé, B., et al.; CIBERSAM Functional Remediation Group. 2014. Verbal memory as a mediator in the relationship between subthreshold depressive symptoms and functional outcome in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 160, 50–4.
Bora, E., Vahip, S., Akdeniz, F., et al. 2007. The effect of previous psychotic mood episodes on cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar patients. Bipolar Disord 9, 468–77.
Bora, E., Yucel, M., & Pantelis, C. 2009. Cognitive endophenotypes of bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis of neuropsychological deficits in euthymic patients and their first-degree relatives. J Affect Disord 113, 1–20.
Bora, E., Yucel, M., & Pantelis, C. 2010. Neurocognitive markers of psychosis in bipolar disorder: a meta-analytic study. J Affect Disord 127, 1–9.
Brenner, H.D., Hodel, B., Kienzle, N., Reed, D., & Liberman, R.P. 1994. Integrated Psychological Therapy for Schizophrenic Patients. Toronto: Hogrefe & Huber.
Broadbent, D.E. 1977. The hidden preattentive processes. Am Psychol 32, 109–18.
Cannon, M., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., et al. 2002. Evidence for early-childhood, pan-developmental impairment specific to schizophreniform disorder: results from a longitudinal birth cohort. Arch Gen Psychiatry 59, 449–56.
Catalá-López, F., Gènova-Maleras, R., Alvarez-Martín, E., Fernández de Larrea-Baz, N., Morant-Ginestar, C. 2013. Burden of disease in adolescents and young people in Spain. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment 6, 80–5.
Clark, L., Iversen, S.D., & Goodwin, G.M. 2002. Sustained attention deficit in bipolar disorder. Br J Psychiatry 180, 313–19.
Colom, F. 2012. Social cognition and its potential role in bipolar disorder roughening: an editorial comment to Samamé C, Matino DJ, Strejilevich S. 'Social cognition in euthymic bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta-analytic approach'. Acta Psychiatr Scand 125, 264–5.
Colom, F., Vieta, E., Martínez-Arán, A., et al. 2003. A randomized trial on the efficacy of group psychoeducation in the prophylaxis of recurrences in bipolar patients whose disease is in remission. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60, 402–7.
Colom, F., Vieta, E., Daban, C., Pacchiarotti, I., & Sánchez-Moreno, J. 2006. Clinical and therapeutic implications of predominant polarity in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 93, 13–17.
Coryell, W., Turvey, C., Endicott, J., et al. 1998. Bipolar I affective disorder: predictors of outcome after 15 years. J Affect Disord 50, 109–16.
Daban, C., Colom, F., Sánchez-Moreno, J., Garcia-Amador, M., & Vieta, E. 2006a. Clinical correlates of first-episode polarity in bipolar disorder. Compr Psychiatry 47, 433–7.
Daban, C., Martínez-Arán, A., Torrent, C., et al. 2006b. Cognitive functioning in bipolar patients receiving lamotrigine: preliminary results. J Clin Psychopharmacol 26, 178–81.
Daban, C., Martínez-Arán, A., Torrent, C., et al. 2006c. Specificity of cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder versus schizophrenia: a systematic review. Psychother Psychosom 75, 72–84.
Dean, B.B., Gerner, D., & Gerner, R.H. 2004. A systematic review evaluating health-related quality of life, work impairment, and healthcare costs and utilization in bipolar disorder. Curr Med Res Opin 20, 139–54.
Deckersbach, T., Nierenberg, A.A., Kessler, R., et al. 2010. Cognitive rehabilitation for bipolar disorder: an open trial for employed patients with residual depressive symptoms. CNS Neurosci Ther 16, 298–307.
Delahunty, A., & Morice, R. 1993. The Frontal Executive Program. A Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Program for Schizophrenia, revised edn. Albury, NSW, Australia: New South Wales Department of Health.
Delbello, M.P., Hanseman, D., Adler, C.M., Fleck, D.E., & Strakowski, S.M. 2007. Twelve-month outcome of adolescents with bipolar disorder following first hospitalization for a manic or mixed episode. Am J Psychiatry 164, 582–90.
Demant, K.M., Almer, G.M., Vinberg, M., Kessing, L.V., & Miskowiak, K.W. 2013. Effects of cognitive remediation on cognitive dysfunction in partially or fully remitted patients with bipolar disorder. Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 14, 378. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-378.
D’Zurilla, T.J., & Goldfried, M.R. 1971. Problem solving and behavior modification. J Abnormal Psychol 78, 107–26.
Engelsmann, F., Katz, J., Ghadirian, A.M., & Schachter, D. 1988. Lithium and memory: a long-term follow-up study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 8, 207–12.
Fagiolini, A., Kupfer, D.J., Masalehdan, A., et al. 2005. Functional impairment in the remission phase of bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 7, 281–5.
Ferrier, I.N., & Thompson, J.M. 2002. Cognitive impairment in bipolar affective disorder: implications for the bipolar diathesis. Br J Psychiatry 180, 293–5.
First, M.B., Spitzer, R., & Gibbon, M. 1997. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Axis I Disorder, Research Version. New York, NY: Biometrics Research.
Fleck, D.E., Shear, P.K., Zimmerman, M.E., et al. 2003. Verbal memory in mania: effects of clinical state and task requirements. Bipolar Disord 5, 375–80.
Frangou, S., Donaldson, S., Hadjulis, M., Landau, S., & Goldstein, L.H. 2005. The Maudsley Bipolar Disorder Project: executive dysfunction in bipolar disorder I and its clinical correlates. Biol Psychiatry 58, 859–64.
Fuentes-Dura, I., Balanza-Martinez, V., Ruiz-Ruiz, J.C., et al. 2012. Neurocognitive training in patients with bipolar disorders: current status and perspectives. Psychother Psychosom 81, 250–2.
Gitlin, M.J., Swendsen, J., Heller, T.L., & Hammen, C. 1995. Relapse and impairment in bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 152, 1635–40.
Glahn, D.C., Bearden, C.E., Niendam, T.A., & Escamilla, M.A. 2004. The feasibility of neuropsychological endophenotypes in the search for genes associated with bipolar affective disorder. Bipolar Disord 6, 171–82.
Glahn, D.C., Bearden, C.E., Cakir, S., et al. 2006. Differential working memory impairment in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: effects of lifetime history of psychosis. Bipolar Disord 8, 117–23.
Glahn, D.C., Bearden, C.E., Barguil, M., et al. 2007. The neurocognitive signature of psychotic bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 62, 910–16.
Glahn, D.C., Almasy, L., Barguil, M., et al. 2010. Neurocognitive endophenotypes for bipolar disorder identified in multiplex multigenerational families. Arch Gen Psychiatry 67, 168–77.
Goetz, I., Tohen, M., Reed, C., Lorenzo, M., & Vieta, E. 2007. Functional impairment in patients with mania: baseline results of the EMBLEM study. Bipolar Disord 9, 45–52.
Goodwin, F.K., & Jamison, K.R. 2007. Manic-Depressive Illness, 2nd edn. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Gopin, C.B., Burdick, K.E., Derosse, P., Goldberg, T.E., & Malhotra, A.K. 2011. Emotional modulation of response inhibition in stable patients with bipolar I disorder: a comparison with healthy and schizophrenia subjects. Bipolar Disord 13, 164–72.
Green, M.F., Kern, R.S., Braff, D.L., & Mintz, J. 2000. Neurocognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia: are we measuring the “right stuff”?Schizophr Bull 26, 119–36.
Grynszpan, O., Perbal, S., Pelissolo, A., et al. 2011. Efficacy and specificity of computer-assisted cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: a meta-analytical study. Psychol Med 41, 163–73.
Hammen, C., Gitlin, M., & Altshuler, L. 2000. Predictors of work adjustment in bipolar I patients: a naturalistic longitudinal follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol 68, 220–5.
Haro, J.M., Reed, C., Gonzalez-Pinto, A., et al. 2011. 2-year course of bipolar disorder type I patients in outpatient care: factors associated with remission and functional recovery. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 21, 287–93.
Hogarty, G.E., & Flesher, S. 1999a. Developmental theory for a cognitive enhancement therapy of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 25, 677–92.
Hogarty, G.E., & Flesher, S. 1999b. Practice principles of cognitive enhancement therapy for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 25, 693–708.
Hogarty, G.E., & Greenwald, D.P. 2006. Cognititve Enhancment Therapy: The Training Manual. Pittsburgh, PA: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic.
Huxley, N., & Baldessarini, R.J. 2007. Disability and its treatment in bipolar disorder patients. Bipolar Disord 9, 183–96.
Judd, L.L., Akiskal, H.S., Schettler, P.J., et al. 2005. Psychosocial disability in the course of bipolar I and II disorders: a prospective, comparative, longitudinal study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62, 1322–30.
Judd, L.L., Schettler, P.J., Akiskal, H.S., et al. 2008. Residual symptom recovery from major affective episodes in bipolar disorders and rapid episode relapse/recurrence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 65, 386–94.
KanhemanD. 1973. Attention and Effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Kapczinski, F., Frey, B.N., Andreazza, A.C., et al. 2008a. Increased oxidative stress as a mechanism for decreased BDNF levels in acute manic episodes. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 30, 243–5.
Kapczinski, F., Vieta, E., Andreazza, A.C., et al. 2008b. Allostatic load in bipolar disorder: implications for pathophysiology and treatment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 32, 675–92.
Keck, P.E., McElroy, S.L., Strakowski, S.M., et al. 1998. 12-month outcome of patients with bipolar disorder following hospitalization for a manic or mixed episode. Am J Psychiatry 155, 646–52.
Keefe, R.S., Vinogradov, S., Medalia, A., et al. 2011. Report from the working group conference on multisite trial design for cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 37, 1057–65.
Kessler, R.C., Akiskal, H.S., Ames, M., et al. 2006. Prevalence and effects of mood disorders on work performance in a nationally representative sample of U.S. workers. Am J Psychiatry 163, 1561–8.
Kolur, U.S., Reddy, Y.C., John, J.P., Kandavel, T., & Jain, S. 2006. Sustained attention and executive functions in euthymic young people with bipolar disorder. Br J Psychiatry 189, 453–58.
Krabbendam, L., & Aleman, A. 2003. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of social skills training and cognitive remediation. Psychol Med 33, 756–8.
Kronhaus, D.M., Lawrence, N.S., Williams, A.M., et al. 2006. Stroop performance in bipolar disorder: further evidence for abnormalities in the ventral prefrontal cortex. Bipolar Disord 8, 28–39.
Kurtz, M.M., Moberg, P.J., Gur, R.C., & Gur, R.E. 2001. Approaches to cognitive remediation of neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia: a review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 11, 197–210.
Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Loring, D.B., Hannay, H.J., & Fisher, J.S. 2004. Neuropsychological Assessment, 4th edn. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
López-Jaramillo, C., Lopera-Vásquez, J., Gallo, A., et al. 2010a. Effects of recurrence on the cognitive performance of patients with bipolar I disorder: implications for relapse prevention and treatment adherence. Bipolar Disord 12, 557–67.
López-Jaramillo, C., Lopera-Vásquez, J., Ospina-Duque, J., et al. 2010b. Lithium treatment effects on the neuropsychological functioning of patients with bipolar I disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 71, 1055–60.
Luria, A.R. 1963. Restoration of Function after Brain Injury. New York, NY: Pergamon Press.
MacQueen, G.M., Young, L.T., Robb, J.C., et al. 2000. Effect of number of episodes on wellbeing and functioning of patients with bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 101, 374–81.
MacQueen, G.M., Young, L.T., & Joffe, R.T. 2001. A review of psychosocial outcome in patients with bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 103, 163–70.
Malhi, G.S., Ivanovski, B., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., et al. 2007. Neuropsychological deficits and functional impairment in bipolar depression, hypomania and euthymia. Bipolar Disord 9, 114–25.
Martínez-Arán, A., Vieta, E., Colom, F., et al. 2000. Cognitive dysfunctions in bipolar disorder: evidence of neuropsychological disturbances. Psychother Psychosom 69, 2–18.
Martínez-Arán, A., Vieta, E., Colom, F., et al. 2004a. Cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar patients: implications for clinical and functional outcome. Bipolar Disord 6, 224–32.
Martínez-Arán, A., Vieta, E., Reinares, M., et al. 2004b. Cognitive function across manic or hypomanic, depressed, and euthymic states in bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 161, 262–70.
Martínez-Arán, A., Vieta, E., Torrent, C., et al. 2007. Functional outcome in bipolar disorder: the role of clinical and cognitive factors. Bipolar Disord 9, 103–13.
Martínez-Arán, A., Torrent, C., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., et al. 2008. Neurocognitive impairment in bipolar patients with and without history of psychosis. J Clin Psychiatry 69, 233–9.
Martínez-Arán, A., Torrent, C., Sole, B., et al. 2011. Functional remediation for bipolar disorder. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 7, 112–16.
Martino, D.J., Marengo, E., Igoa, A., et al. 2009. Neurocognitive and symptomatic predictors of functional outcome in bipolar disorders: a prospective 1 year follow-up study. J Affect Disord 116, 37–42.
McEwen, B.S., & Stellar, E. 1993. Stress and the individual: mechanisms leading to disease. Arch Intern Med 153, 2093–101.
McGurk, S.R., Twamley, E.W., Sitzer, D.I., McHugo, G.J., & Mueser, K.T. 2007. A meta-analysis of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 164, 1791–802.
Medalia, A., & Choi, J. 2009. Cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. Neuropsychol Rev 19, 353–64.
Medalia, A., & Herlands, T. 2002. Remediation of Cognitive Deficits in Psychiatric Outpatients: A Clinician’s Manual. New York, NY: Montefiore Medical Center Press.
Medalia, A., Revheim, N., & Casey, M. 2002. Remediation of problem-solving skills in schizophrenia: evidence of a persistent effect. Schizophr Res 57, 165–71.
Moritz, S., & Woodward, T.S. 2005. Metacognitive Skill Training for Patients with Schizophrenia (MCT). Hamburg: VanHam Campus Press.
Muñoz Cespedes, J.M., & Tirapu Ustarroz, J. 2001. Rehabilitación Neuropsicológica. Madrid: Sintesis.
Mur, M., Portella, M.J., Martínez-Arán, A., Pifarré, J., & Vieta, E. 2008. Neuropsychological profile in bipolar disorder: a preliminary study of monotherapy lithium-treated euthymic bipolar patients evaluated at a 2-year interval. Acta Psychiatr Scand 118, 373–81.
Murray, C.J., & Lopez, A.D. 1997. Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 349, 1436–42.
Parker, G., Rosen, A., Trauer, T., & Hadzi-Pavlovic, D. 2007. Disability associated with mood states and comparator conditions: application of the Life Skills Profile measure of disability. Bipolar Disord 9, 11–15.
Penadés, R., & Gastó, C. 2010. El Tratamiento de Rehabilitación Neurocognitiva en la Esquizofrenia. Barcelona: Herder Editorial.
Penadés, R., & Boget, T. 1999. No Me Acuerdo: Trastornos de la Memoria. Editorial Océano.
Penadés, R., Boget, T., Salamero, M., Catarineu, S., & Bernardo, M. 1999. [Neuropsychological alteration in schizophrenia and its modification]. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 27, 198–208.
Pilling, S., Bebbington, P., Kuipers, E., et al. 2002. Psychological treatments in schizophrenia: II. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of social skills training and cognitive remediation. Psychol Med 32, 783–91.
Pomarol-Clotet, E., Moro, N., Sarro, S., et al. 2012. Failure of de-activation in the medial frontal cortex in mania: evidence for default mode network dysfunction in the disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 13, 616–26.
Preiss, M., Shatil, E., Cermáková, R., Cimermanová, D., & Ram, I. 2013. Personalized cognitive training in unipolar and bipolar disorder: a study of cognitive functioning. Front Hum Neurosci 7, 108. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00108.
Prigatano, G.P. 1999. Principles of Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Reichenberg, A., Weiser, M., Rabinowitz, J., et al. 2002. A population-based cohort study of premorbid intellectual, language, and behavioral functioning in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 159, 2027–35.
Robinson, L.J., & Ferrier, I.N. 2006. Evolution of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of cross-sectional evidence. Bipolar Disord 8, 103–16.
Rosa, A.R., Sánchez-Moreno, J., Martínez-Arán, A., et al. 2007. Validity and reliability of the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) in bipolar disorder. Clin Pract Epidemol Ment Health 3, 5.
Rosa, A.R., Franco, C., Martínez-Arán, A., et al. 2008. Functional impairment in patients with remitted bipolar disorder. Psychother Psychosom 77, 390–2.
Rosa, A.R., Bonnín, C.M., Mazzarini, L., et al. 2009. Predictores clínicos del funcionamiento interpersonal en pacientes bipolares. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Barc) 2, 83–8.
Rosa, A.R., Reinares, M., Amann, B., et al. 2011. Six-month functional outcome of a bipolar disorder cohort in the context of a specialized-care program. Bipolar Disord 13, 679–86.
Rougier, N.P., Noelle, D.C., Braver, T.S., Cohen, J.D., & O’Reilly, R.C. 2005. Prefrontal cortex and flexible cognitive control: rules without symbols. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102, 7338–43.
Ruggero, C.J., Chelminski, I., Young, D., & Zimmerman, M. 2007. Psychosocial impairment associated with bipolar II disorder. J Affect Disord 104, 53–60.
Samamé, C., Martino, D.J., & Strejilevich, S.A. 2012. Social cognition in euthymic bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta-analytic approach. Acta Psychiatr Scand 125, 266–80.
Sánchez-Moreno, J., Martínez-Arán, A., Colom, F., et al. 2009a. Neurocognitive dysfunctions in euthymic bipolar patients with and without prior history of alcohol use. J Clin Psychiatry 70, 1120–7.
Sánchez-Moreno, J., Martínez-Arán, A., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., et al. 2009b. Functioning and disability in bipolar disorder: an extensive review. Psychother Psychosom 78, 285–97.
Simon, G.E., Ludman, E.J., Unutzer, J., Operskalski, B.H., & Bauer, M.S. 2008. Severity of mood symptoms and work productivity in people treated for bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 10, 718–25.
Smith, M.J. 1975. When I Say No, I Feel Guilty: How to Cope, Using the Skills of Systematic Assertive Therapy. New York, NY: Dial Press.
Sohlberg, M., Johnson, L., Paule, L., Raskin, S., & Mateer, C.A. 1994. Attention Process Training II: A Program to Address Attentional Deficits for Persons with Mild Cognitive Dysfunction. Puyallup, WA: Association for Neuropsychological Research and Development.
Sole, B., Bonnín, C.M., Torrent, C., et al. 2012. Neurocognitive impairment and psychosocial functioning in bipolar II disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 125, 309–17.
Spreen, O., & Strauss, E. 1998. A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary, 2nd edn. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Strakowski, S.M., Keck, P.E., Jr., McElroy, S.L., et al. 1998. Twelve-month outcome after a first hospitalization for affective psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55, 49–55.
Strakowski, S.M., Williams, J.R., Fleck, D.E., & Delbello, M.P. 2000. Eight-month functional outcome from mania following a first psychiatric hospitalization. J Psychiatr Res 34, 193–200.
Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Escamez, T., Martinez-Gimenez, J.A., et al. 2006. Variations in genes regulating neuronal migration predict reduced prefrontal cognition in schizophrenia and bipolar subjects from Mediterranean Spain: a preliminary study. Neuroscience 139, 1289–300.
Thompson, J.M., Gallagher, P., Hughes, J.H., et al. 2005. Neurocognitive impairment in euthymic patients with bipolar affective disorder. Br J Psychiatry 186, 32–40.
Tohen, M., Hennen, J., Zarate, C.M., et al. 2000. Two-year syndromal and functional recovery in 219 cases of first-episode major affective disorder with psychotic features. Am J Psychiatry 157, 220–8.
Tohen, M., Greil, W., Calabrese, J.R., et al. 2005. Olanzapine versus lithium in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: a 12-month, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Am J Psychiatry 162, 1281–90.
Tohen, M., Bowden, C.L., Calabrese, J.R., et al. 2006. Influence of sub-syndromal symptoms after remission from manic or mixed episodes. Br J Psychiatry 189, 515–19.
Tohen, M., Vieta, E., Gonzalez-Pinto, A., Reed, C., & Lin, D. 2010. Baseline characteristics and outcomes in patients with first episode or multiple episodes of acute mania. J Clin Psychiatry 71, 255–61.
Torrent, C., Martínez-Arán, A., Daban, C., et al. 2006. Cognitive impairment in bipolar II disorder. Br J Psychiatry 189, 254–9.
Torrent, C., Martínez-Arán, A., Amann, B., et al. 2007. Cognitive impairment in schizoaffective disorder: a comparison with non-psychotic bipolar and healthy subjects. Acta Psychiatr Scand 116, 453–60.
Torrent, C., Martínez-Arán, A., Del Mar, B.C., et al. 2012. Long-term outcome of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 73, e899–905.
Torrent, C., Bonnín, C.M., Martínez-Arán, A., et al. 2013. Efficacy of functional remediation in bipolar disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled study. Am J Psychiatr 170, 852–9.
Torres, I.J., Boudreau, V.G., & Yatham, L.N. 2007. Neuropsychological functioning in euthymic bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl (434), 17–26.
Torres, I.J., DeFreitas, V.G., DeFreitas, C.M., et al. 2010. Neurocognitive functioning in patients with bipolar I disorder recently recovered from a first manic episode. J Clin Psychiatry 71, 1234–42.
Tremont, G., & Stern, R.A. 1997. Use of thyroid hormone to diminish the cognitive side effects of psychiatric treatment. Psychopharmacol Bull 33, 273–80.
Tremont, G., & Stern, R.A. 2000. Minimizing the cognitive effects of lithium therapy and electroconvulsive therapy using thyroid hormone. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 3, 175–86.
Twamley, E.W., Jeste, D.V., & Bellack, A.S. 2003. A review of cognitive training in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 29, 359–82.
van Gorp, W.G., Altshuler, L., Theberge, D.C., Wilkins, J., & Dixon, W. 1998. Cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar patients with and without prior alcohol dependence: a preliminary study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55, 41–6.
Vargas, M., & Jimeno, N. 2002. Esquizofrneia e Insuficiencia Atencional. Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid.
Vieta, E., & Gasto, C. 1997. Trastornos Bipolares. Barcelona: Springer-Verlag Iberica.
Vieta, E., Popovic, D., Rosa, A.R., et al. 2013. The clinical implications of cognitive impairment and allostatic load in bipolar disorder. Eur Psychiatry 28, 21–9.
Vinogradov, S., Fisher, M., & de Villers-Sidani, E. 2012. Cognitive training for impaired neural systems in neuropsychiatric illness. Neuropsychopharmacology 37, 43–76.
Wykes, T., & Reeder, C. 2005. Cognitive Remediation Therapy: Theory and Practice. Hove: Routledge.
Wykes, T., & Spaulding, W.D. 2011. Thinking about the future cognitive remediation therapy–what works and could we do better?Schizophr Bull 37 Suppl 2, S80–90.
Yan, L.J., Hammen, C., Cohen, A.N., Daley, S.E., & Henry, R.M. 2004. Expressed emotion versus relationship quality variables in the prediction of recurrence in bipolar patients. J Affect Disord 83, 199–206.
Zammit, S., Allebeck, P., David, A.S., et al. 2004. A longitudinal study of premorbid IQ Score and risk of developing schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severe depression, and other nonaffective psychoses. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61, 354–60.
Zarate, C.A., Tohen, M., Land, M., & Cavanagh, S. 2000. Functional impairment and cognition in bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Q 71, 309–29.
