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Ecological aspects of the epidemiology of infection with leptospires of the Ballum serogroup in the black rat (Rattus rattus) and the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) in New Zealand

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 March 2010

S. C. Hathaway  and
D. K. Blackmore
S. C. Hathaway
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
D. K. Blackmore
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Epidemiological aspects of infection with leptospires of the Ballum serogroup in black rats (Rattus rattus) and brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are described. Rats inhabiting a variety of habitats were investigated and isolates identified as belonging to the Ballum serogroup were obtained from 21 of 61 black rats (34%) and 63 of 243 brown rats (26%). The high level of endemic Ballum serogroup infection in these species reported here has not been described in other countries.

A statistical relationship was shown between the prevalence of infection in brown rat populations and population density but this was not evident for black rats. Epidemiological data indicates that the black rat is a maintenance host for leptospires of the Ballum serogroup in New Zealand. The brown rat does not appear to be an efficient maintenance host for these leptospires, however endemic infection can be maintained in high-density populations inhabiting synanthropic foci.

An hypothesis of ‘competitive exclusion’ (preferential maintenance of a particular serovar by a host species) is introduced with regard to leptospiral infection in brown rats. It is concluded that the establishment and maintenance of an endemic focus of leptospirosis is dependant on: introduction of a particular serovar; a suitable host; and a suitable host habitat. Within a maintenance population direct transmission appears to be more important than indirect transmission via the environment.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Hygiene , Volume 87 , Issue 3 , December 1981 , pp. 427 - 436
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1981

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