Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-dfsvx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T07:10:58.342Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Free radicals in skin and muscle: damaging agents or signals for adaptation?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

Malcom J. Jackson
Malcom J. Jackson*
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
*
Corresponding Author: Professor M. J. Jackson, fax +44 (0)151 706 5952, email mjj@liv.ac.uk
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Much of the current literature regarding the biological effects of antioxidant nutrients has concentrated on their potential role in inhibiting or preventing tissue damage induced by free radical species produced during metabolism. Recent findings indicate that antioxidants may also have more subtle roles, regulating changes in gene expression induced by oxidizing free radical species. There is increasing evidence that free radicals act as signals for cell adaptation in a variety of cell types and the nature of the mechanisms by which free radical species influence gene expression is the subject of much current research. Processes such as these may be particularly important in tissues regularly exposed to varying amounts of oxidative stress as part of their normal physiological functions. Examples of such tissues include skin exposed to u.v. light and skeletal muscle subjected to repeated bouts of exercise.

Keywords

AntioxidantsOxidative stressFree radicalsSkeletal muscleSkin
Type
Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Group Symposium on ‘Nutrition and antioxidants’
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 58 , Issue 3 , August 1999 , pp. 673 - 676
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1999

References

Black, HS (1987) Potential involvement of free radical reactions in ultraviolet light-mediated cutaneous damage. Photochemistry and Photobiology 46, 213–221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boveris, A, Oshire, N & Chance, B (1972) Cellular production of hydrogen peroxide. Biochemical Journal 128, 617–630.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bushell, AJ, Klenerman, L, Davies, HM, Grierson, I & Jackson, MJ (1996) Ischaemia-reperfusion induced muscle damage: Protective effects of corticosteriods and antioxidants in rabbits. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 67, 393–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, T, Li, W, Schultz, PJ, Furst, A & Chien, PA (1995) Induction of peroxisome proliferation and increase of catalase activity in yeast, candida-albicans, by cadmium. Biological Trace Element Research 50, 125–133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crippa, PR & Mazzini, L (1983) Involvement of superoxide ions in the oxidation of NADH by melanins. Physiological Chemistry and Physics and Medical NMR 15, 51–56.Google ScholarPubMed
Darr, D & Fridovich, I (1994) Free radicals in cutaneous biology. Journal of Investigative Dermato-logy 102, 671–675.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davies, KJA, Quintanilla, AT, Brooks, GA & Packer, L (1982) Free radicals and tissue damage produced by exercise. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 107, 1198–1205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frederick, JE (1993) Ultraviolet sunlight reaching the earth’s surface: a review of recent research. Photochemistry and Photobiology 57, 175–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halliwell, B & Gutteridge, JMC (1989) Free Radical Biology and Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Harman, D (1981) The aging process. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 78, 7424–7128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackson, MJ (1996) Oxygen-derived radical production and muscle damage during running exercise. In Human Muscular Function During Dynamic Exercise, pp. 121–133 [Marconnet, P, Saltin, B, Komi, P and Poortmans, J, editors]. Basel: Karger.Google Scholar
Jackson, MJ, McArdle, A & McArdle, F (1998) Antioxidant micronutrients and gene expression. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 57, 301–305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackson, MJ, Symons, MCR & Edwards, RHT (1985) Electron spin resonance studies of intact mammalian skeletal muscle. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 847, 185–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, S, Jack, CIA & Jackson, MJ (1998) Differential effects of supplementation with vitamin E analogues on antioxidant enzyme expression in human skin fibroblasts exposed to ultraviolet B. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 57, 34A.Google Scholar
Jurkiewicz, BA & Buettner, GR (1996) EPR detection of free radicals in UV-irradiated skin: Mouse versus human. Photochemistry and Photobiology 64, 918–922.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kligman, LH & Kligman, AM (1986) The nature of photoaging: Its prevention and repair. Photodermatology 3, 215–227.Google ScholarPubMed
McArdle, A, McArdle, C & Jackson, MJ (1997) Stress proteins and protection of skeletal muscle against contraction-induced skeletal muscle damage in anaesthetised mice. Journal of Physiology 499, 9P.Google Scholar
Masaki, H, Atsumi, T & Sakurai, H (1995) Detection of hydrogen peroxide and hyroxyl radicals in murine skin fibroblasts under UVB irradiation. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 206, 474–479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masaki, H & Sakurai, H (1997) Increased generation of hydrogen peroxide possibly from mitochondrial respiratory chain after UVB irradiation of murine fibroblasts. Journal of Dermatological Science 14, 207–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miyachi, Y (1987) Reactive oxygen species in photodermatology. The Biological Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Skin, pp. 37–41 [Hayashi, O, Imamura, S and Miyachi, Y, editors]. New York: Elsevier Science.Google Scholar
O’Neill, CA, Stebbins, CL, Bonigut, S, Halliwell, B & Longhurst, JC (1996) Production of hydroxyl radicals in contracting skeletal muscle of cats. Journal of Applied Physiology 81, 1197–1206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pathak, MA & Stratton, K (1968) Free radicals in human skin before and after exposure to light. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 123, 468–476.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salo, DC, Donovan, CM & Davies, KJA (1991) HSP70 and other possible heat shock or oxidative proteins are induced in skeletal muscle, heart and liver during exercise. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 11, 239–246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shindo, Y, Witt, E, Han, D & Packer, L (1994) Dose-response effects of acute ultraviolet irradiation on antioxidants and molecular markers of oxidation in murine epidermis and dermis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 102, 470–475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stortz, G & Polla, BS (1996) Transcriptional regulators of oxidative stress-inducible genes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In Stress-Inducible Cellular Responses, pp. 239–254 [Fiege, U, Morimoto, RI, Yahara, I and Polla, BS, editors]. Basel: Birckhauser Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyrell, RM (1996) Ultraviolet radiation and free radical damage to the skin. Biochemical Society Transactions 61, 47–53.Google Scholar
Wiese, AG, Pacifici, RE & Davies, KG (1995) Transient adaptation to oxidative stress in mammalian cells. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 318, 231–240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed