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Sluggish vagal brake reactivity to physical exercise challenge in children with selective mutism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2012

Keri J. Heilman ,
Sucheta D. Connolly ,
Wendy O. Padilla ,
Marika I. Wrzosek ,
Patricia A. Graczyk  and
Stephen W. Porges
Keri J. Heilman*
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Chicago
Sucheta D. Connolly
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Chicago
Wendy O. Padilla
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Chicago
Marika I. Wrzosek
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Chicago
Patricia A. Graczyk
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Chicago
Stephen W. Porges
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Chicago
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Keri J. Heilman, Brain–Body Center, MC 747, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608; E-mail: kheilman@psych.uic.edu.
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Abstract

Cardiovascular response patterns to laboratory-based social and physical exercise challenges were evaluated in 69 children and adolescents, 20 with selective mutism (SM), to identify possible neurophysiological mechanisms that may mediate the behavioral features of SM. Results suggest that SM is associated with a dampened response of the vagal brake to physical exercise that is manifested as reduced reactivity in heart rate and respiration. Polyvagal theory proposes that the regulation of the vagal brake is a neurophysiological component of an integrated social engagement system that includes the neural regulation of the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles. Within this theoretical framework, sluggish vagal brake reactivity may parallel an inability to recruit efficiently the structures involved in speech. Thus, the findings suggest that dampened autonomic reactivity during mobilization behaviors may be a biomarker of SM that can be assessed independent of the social stimuli that elicit mutism.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 24 , Issue 1 , February 2012 , pp. 241 - 250
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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