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A Comparison of the effects of preterm birth and institutional deprivation on child temperament

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 November 2019

Lucia Miranda Reyes Open the ORCID record for Lucia Miranda Reyes [Opens in a new window] ,
Julia Jaekel ,
Jana Kreppner ,
Dieter Wolke  and
Edmund Sonuga–Barke
Lucia Miranda Reyes*
Affiliation:
Department of Child & Family Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
Julia Jaekel
Affiliation:
Department of Child & Family Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, UK
Jana Kreppner
Affiliation:
Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, UK
Dieter Wolke
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, UK
Edmund Sonuga–Barke
Affiliation:
Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
*
Author for Correspondence: Lucia Miranda Reyes, 115 Jessie Harris Building, 1215 W. Cumberland Ave., Knoxville, TN37996; E-mail: Lmiranda@utk.edu.
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Abstract

Both preterm birth and early institutional deprivation are associated with neurodevelopmental impairment—with both shared and distinctive features. To explore shared underlying mechanisms, this study directly compared the effects of these putative risk factors on temperament profiles in six-year-olds: Children born very preterm (<32 weeks gestation) or at very low birthweight (<1500 g) from the Bavarian Longitudinal Study (n = 299); and children who experienced >6 months of deprivation in Romanian institutions from the English and Romanian Adoptees Study (n = 101). The former were compared with 311 healthy term born controls and the latter with 52 nondeprived adoptees. At 6 years, temperament was assessed via parent reports across 5 dimensions: effortful control, activity, shyness, emotionality, and sociability. Very preterm/very low birthweight and postinstitutionalized children showed similarly aberrant profiles in terms of lower effortful control, preterm = −0.50, 95% CI [−0.67, −0.33]; postinstitutionalized = −0.48, 95% CI [−0.82, −0.14], compared with their respective controls. Additionally, postinstitutionalized children showed higher activity, whereas very preterm/very low birthweight children showed lower shyness. Preterm birth and early institutionalization are similarly associated with poorer effortful control, which might contribute to long-term vulnerability. More research is needed to examine temperamental processes as common mediators of negative long-term outcomes following early adversity.

Keywords

behavior regulationearly adversityinstitutional deprivationpreterm birth
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 32 , Special Issue 4: Conceptualizing and Interrogating Autism Spectrum Disorder from a Developmental Psychopathology Framework , October 2020 , pp. 1524 - 1533
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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