Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-qxdb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T10:20:04.153Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Motives for caring: relationship to stress and coping dimensions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 September 2010

R. Romero-Moreno ,
M. Márquez-González ,
A. Losada  and
J. López
R. Romero-Moreno*
Affiliation:
Psychology Department, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
M. Márquez-González
Affiliation:
Biological and Health Psychology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
A. Losada
Affiliation:
Psychology Department, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
J. López
Affiliation:
Psychology Department, Universidad CEU San Pablo de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Rosa Romero-Moreno. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Departamento de Psicología. Edificio Departamental II. Avda. de Atenas, s/n. 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain. Phone: + 34 914888912. Email: rosa.romero@urjc.es.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background: Although research has highlighted the importance of including cultural factors in the analysis of caregiver stress, little is known about the effects of motives for caregiving on the stress and coping process. This study is aimed at analyzing the dimensional structure of the Cultural Justifications for Caregiving Scale – Revised (CJCS-R), and the effects of motives for caregiving on stressors, caregiver resources and outcome variables.

Methods: Dementia caregivers (N = 166) were interviewed and the following variables were assessed: motives for caregiving (CJCS-R), stressors (frequency of behavioral problems), resources (rumination, cognitive reappraisal), and outcomes (depression, anxiety and anger).

Results: A bidimensional structure was obtained for the CJCS-R, and the two factors were labeled Intrinsic and Extrinsic motives for caregiving. Participants were divided into four groups corresponding to four motivation profiles: HIHE = High Intrinsic Motives + High Extrinsic motives; LILE = Low Intrinsic Motives + Low Extrinsic Motives; HILE = High Intrinsic Motives + Low Extrinsic Motives; and LIHE = Low Intrinsic Motives + High Extrinsic Motives. No differences between groups were found in frequency of behavioral problems. Caregivers in the LIHE group had significantly worse consequences on caregiver resources and outcome variables compared to the other groups.

Conclusions: The results support the usefulness of considering motives for caregiving as a multidimensional construct. Analyzing caregivers' motivation profiles may constitute a useful strategy for identifying caregivers at risk. Caregivers scoring simultaneously low on intrinsic motives and high on extrinsic motives may be at particular risk for negative caregiving outcomes.

Keywords

dementia caregiversculturebehavioral problemsruminationcognitive reappraisalanxietydepressionanger
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 23 , Issue 4 , May 2011 , pp. 573 - 582
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Campbell, D. L. and Martin-Mathews, A. (2003). The gendered nature of men's filial care. Journals of Gerontology, 58, 350–358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carruth, A. K. (1996). Motivating factors, exchange patterns, and reciprocity among caregivers of parents with and without dementia. Research in Nursing and Health, 19, 409–419.3.0.CO;2-U>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cicirelli, V. G. (1993). Attachment and obligation as daughters’ motives for caregiving behavior and subsequent effect on subjective burden. Psychology and Aging, 8, 144–155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooper, C., Katona, C., Orrel, M. and Livingston, G. (2008). Coping strategies, anxiety and depression in caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23, 929–936.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dilworth-Anderson, P., Williams, S. W. and Cooper, T. (1999). Family caregiving to elderly African Americans: caregiver types and structures. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 54, 237–241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dilworth-Anderson, P., Williams, I. C. and Gibson, B. E. (2002). Issues of race, ethnicity, and culture in caregiving research: a 20-year review (1980–2000). The Gerontologist, 42, 237–272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dilworth-Anderson, P., Goodwin, P. Y. and Williams, S. W. (2004). Can culture help explain the physical health effects of caregiving over time among African American caregivers? Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 59, 138–145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dilworth-Anderson, P., Brummett, H. B., Goodwin, P., Williams, S. W., Williams, R. B. and Siegler, I. C. (2005). Effect of race on cultural justifications for caregiving. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 60, 257–262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farran, C. J., Keane-Hagerty, E., Salloway, S., Kupferer, S. and Wilken, C. S. (1991). Finding meaning: an alternative paradigm for Alzheimer's disease family caregivers. The Gerontologist, 31, 483–489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feeney, B. C. and Collins, N. L. (2003). Motivations for caregiving in adult intimate relationships: influences on caregiving behavior and relationship functioning. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 950–968.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gross, J. J. and John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348–362.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haley, W. E., Levine, E. G., Brown, L. and Bartolucci, A. A. (1987). Stress, appraisal, coping, and social support as predictors of adaptational outcome among dementia caregivers. Psychology and Aging, 2, 323–330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. and Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An Experiential Approach to Behavior Change. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hsu, H. and Shyu, Y. L. (2003). Implicit exchanges for family caregiving for frail elders in Taiwan. Qualitative Health Research, 13, 1078–1093.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
IMSERSO (2005). Cuidados a las personas mayores en los hogares españoles. El entorno familiar [Caring for older persons in Spanish homes:. the family environment]. Madrid: IMSERSO.Google Scholar
Jackson, B. and Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1998). The Emotion-Focused Coping Questionnaire. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Kabitsi, N. and Powers, D. V. (2002). Spousal motivations of care for demented older adults: a cross-cultural comparison of Greek and American female caregivers. Journal of Aging Studies, 16, 383–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knight, B. G. and Sayegh, P. (2010). Cultural values and caregiving: the updated Sociocultural Stress and Coping Model. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 65, 5–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knight, B. G., Silverstein, N., McCallum, T. J. and Fox, L. S. (2000). A sociocultural stress and coping model for mental health outcomes among African American caregivers in Southern California. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 55, 142–150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Losada, A., Márquez-González, M., Knight, B., Yanguas, J., Sayegh, P. and Romero-Moreno, R. (2010). Psychosocial factors and caregivers’ distress: effects of familism and dysfunctional thoughts. Aging and Mental Health, 14, 193–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lyonette, C. and Yardley, L. (2003). The influence on carer wellbeing of motivations to care for older people and the relationship with the care recipient. Aging and Society, 23, 487–506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Márquez-González, M., Romero-Moreno, R. and Losada, A. (in press). Caregiving issues in a therapeutic context: new insights from the Acceptance and Commitment approach. In Laidlaw, K. and Pachana, N. (eds.), Casebook of Clinical Geropsychology: International Perspectives on Practice. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McNair, D., Lorr, M. and Droppleman, L. (1971). Profile of Mood States. Manual. San Diego: Educational and Industrial Testing Service.Google Scholar
Pinquart, M. and Sörensen, S. (2003). Differences between caregivers and non-caregivers in psychological health and physical health: a meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 18, 250–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinquart, M. and Sörensen, S. (2005). Ethnic differences in stressors, resources and psychological outcomes of family caregiving: a meta-analysis. The Gerontologist, 45, 90–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quinn, C., Clare, L. and Woods, R. T. (2010). The impact of motivations and meanings on the well-being of caregivers of people with dementia: a systematic review. International Psychogeriatrics, 22, 43–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salovey, P., Mayer, J. D., Goldman, S. L., Turvey, C. and Palfai, T. P. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. In Pennebaker, J. W. (ed.), Emotion, Disclosure, and Health (pp. 125–154). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spielberger, C. D. (1988). State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Research Edition. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Tabachnick, B. G. and Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using Multivariate Statistics (3rd edn). New York: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Teri, L., Truax, P., Logsdon, R., Uomoto, J., Zarit, S. and Vitaliano, P. P. (1992). Assessment of behavioral problems in dementia: the Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist. Psychology and Aging, 7, 622–631.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomsen, D. K., Jorgensen, M. M., Mehlsen, M. Y. and Zachariae, R. (2004). The influence of rumination and defensiveness on negative affect in response to experimental stress. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 45, 253–258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vitaliano, P. P., Young, H. M. and Zhang, J. (2004). Is caregiving a risk factor for illness? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 13–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, A. J., Pratt, C. C., Shin, H. and Jones, L. L. (1990). Motives for parental caregiving and relationship quality. Family Relations, 39, 51–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar