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Behavioural and emotional outcomes in school-aged children after surgery or transcatheter closure treatment for ventricular septal defect

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2013

Guotao Guan ,
Haiyan Liu ,
Yulin Wang ,
Bo Han  and
Youpeng Jin
Guotao Guan
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, China
Haiyan Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, China
Yulin Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, China
Bo Han
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, China
Youpeng Jin*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, China
*
Correspondence to: Y. Jin, MD, Department of Pediatric, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China. Tel: +86 15168863809; Fax: +86 53168778316; E-mail: jinyp79@126.com
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Abstract

Objection

We aimed to assess and compare the behavioural and emotional outcomes of school-aged children after surgery or transcatheter closure for ventricular septal defect and investigate the risk factors for developing abnormal behavioural problems with the condition.

Methods

In this study, we included 29 children, including 20 boys, with ventricular septal defect who underwent surgery and 35 children, including 21 boys, who underwent transcatheter closure (6–13 years old) and their age- and sex-matched best friends (n = 56) and their parents. The Child Behavior Checklist was used to obtain standardised parents’ reports of behavioural and emotional problems in children. The 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire was used to assess parents’ psychological distress. Pearson correlation and logistic regression were used to analyse risk factors for developing behaviour problems.

Results

Behavioural problems were greater for boys and girls undergoing surgery or transcatheter closure than controls. The behavioural problems were mainly depression, somatic complaints, and social withdrawal for boys and thought problems, depression, somatic complaints, and social withdrawal for girls. Depression and somatic complaints were greater for boys undergoing surgery than for boys undergoing transcatheter closure. Behavioural problems did not differ between treatment groups for girls. Risk factors for developing behavioural problems were age at the time of ventricular septal defect repair (p = 0.03; odds ratio = 2.35), skin scar (p = 0.04; odds ratio = 3.12), post-operative atrioventricular block (p = 0.03; odds ratio = 2.81), and maternal anxiety (p < 0.01; odds ratio = 4.5).

Conclusion

School-aged children who underwent repair of ventricular septal defect regardless of the type of treatment (surgery or transcatheter closure) exhibit internalising behavioural problems. Risk factors for developing problems are young age, scarring, post-operative atrioventricular block, and maternal anxiety. In particular, maternal anxiety is the most important risk factor.

Keywords

Ventricular septal defectpaediatricsbehavioural outcome
Type
Original Articles
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 24 , Issue 5 , October 2014 , pp. 910 - 917
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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Footnotes

*

Both authors contributed equally to the work.

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