Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T12:06:54.152Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Perceived Sexual Harassment at Work: Meta-Analysis and Structural Model of Antecedents and Consequences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2014

Gabriela Topa Cantisano ,
J. F. Morales Domínguez  and
Marco Depolo
Gabriela Topa Cantisano*
Affiliation:
Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Spain
J. F. Morales Domínguez
Affiliation:
Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Spain
Marco Depolo
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi di Bologna, Italy
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Gabriela Topa Cantisano, Dpto. Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, UNED, C/ Juan del Rosal, 10, 28040 Madrid (Spain). Phone: +34 91 398 8911. E-mail: gtopa@psi.uned.es
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Although sexual harassment has been extensively studied, empirical research has not led to firm conclusions about its antecedents and consequences, both at the personal and organizational level. An extensive literature search yielded 42 empirical studies with 60 samples. The matrix correlation obtained through meta-analytic techniques was used totest a structural equation model. Results supported the hypotheses regarding organizational environmental factors as main predictors of harassment.

Pese a que el acoso sexual ha sido extensamente estudiado, la investigación empírica no ha llegado a conclusiones firmes relativas a sus antecedentes y consecuencias personales y organizacionales. Una extensa búsqueda de la literatura arroja 42 estudios empíricos con 60 muestras que son sometidos a técnicas meta-analíticas. La matriz de correlaciones obtenida por técnicas meta-analíticas ha sido usada para probar un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados apoyan las hipótesis que indican que los factores del ambiente organizacional son los predictores principales del acoso.

Keywords

sexual harassmentmeta-analysisstructural equation modelingacoso sexualmeta-análisismodelos de ecuaciones estructurales
Type
Articles
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 11 , Issue 1 , May 2008 , pp. 207 - 218
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barak, A., Pitterman, Y., & Yitzhaki, R. (1995). An empirical test of the role of power differential in originating sexual harassment. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 17, 497–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barling, J., Rogers, G., & Kelloway, E.K. (2001). Behind closed doors: In-home workers' experience of sexual harassment and workplace violence. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6, 255–269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bergman, B. (2003). The validation of the Women Workplace Culture Questionnaire: Gender-related stress and health for Swedish working women. Sex Roles, 49, 287–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergman, B., & Mallberg, L.R.-H. (2002). Women in a male-dominated industry: Factor analysis of a Women Workplace Culture Questionnaire based on a grounded theory model. Sex Roles, 46, 311–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergman, M.E., & Drasgow, F. (2003). Race as moderator in a model of sexual harassment: An empirical test. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 8, 131–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Björkqvist, K., Österman, K., & Hjelt-Bäck, M. (1994). Aggression among university employees. Aggressive Behavior, 20, 173–184.3.0.CO;2-D>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brough, P., & Frame, R. (2004). Predicting police job satisfaction and turnover intentions: The role of social support and police organisational variables. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 33, 8–16.Google Scholar
Bulger, C.A. (2001). Union resources and union tolerance as moderators of relationships with sexual harassment. Sex Roles, 45, 723–741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, B. (2001). Structural equation modelling with AMOS, EQS, and LISREL: Comparative Approaches to testing for the factorial validity of a measuring instrument. International Journal of Testing, 1, 55–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carr, J., Schmidt, A., Ford, K., & DeShon, R. (2003). climate perceptions matter: A meta-analytic path analysis relating molar climate, cognitive and affective states and individual level work outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 605–619.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, D.K., STang, C., & Chan, W. (1999). Sexual harassment. A preliminary analysis of its effects on Hong Kong women in the workplace and academia. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 23, 661–672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Cortina, L.M. (2004). Hispanic perspectives on sexual harassment and social support. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 570–584.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cortina, L.M., Fitzgerald, L.F., & Drasgow, F. (2002). Contextualizing Latina experiences of sexual harassment: Preliminary test of a structural model. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 24, 295–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cortina, L.M., & Wasti, S.A. (2005). Profiles in coping: Responses to sexual harassment across persons, organizations and cultures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 182–192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dekker, I., & Barling, J. (1998). Personal and organizational predictors of workplace sexual harassment of women by men. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3, 7–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fitzgerald, L.F., Drasgow, F., Hulin, C.L., Gelfand, M., & Magley, V.J. (1997). Antecedents and consequences of sexual harassment in organizations: A test of an integrated model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 578–589.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fitzgerald, L.F., Drasgow, F., & Magley, V.J. (1999). Sexual harassment in the Armed Forces: A test of an integrated model. Military Psychology, 11, 329–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitzgerald, L.F., Magley, V.J., Drasgow, F., & Waldo, C.R. (1999). Measuring sexual harassment in the military: The Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ-DoD). Military Psychology, 11, 243–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gates, D., Fitzwater, E., & Succop, P. (2003). Relationships of stressors, strain and anger to caregiver assaults. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 24, 775–793.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glomb, T.M., Munson, L.J., Hulin, C.L., Berryman-Fink, C., & Drasgow, F. (1999). Structural equation models of sexual harassment: Longitudinal explorations and cross-sectional generalizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 14–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glomb, T.M., Richman, W.L., Hulin, C.L., & Drasgow, F. (1997). Ambient sexual harassment: An integrated model of antecedentsand consequences. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes., 71, 309–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldenhar, L., Williams, L.J., & Swanson, N.G. (2003). Modelling relationships between job stressors and injury and near-miss outcomes for construction labourers. Work & Stress, 17, 218–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gruber, J.E., & Bjorn, L. (1982). The sexual harassment of women autoworkers. Work and Occupations, 9, 271–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunnarsdottir, H.K., Raafnsdottir, G.L., Helgadottir, B., & Tomasson, K. (2003). Psychosocial risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms among women working in geriatric care. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 44, 679–684.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harned, M.S., Ormerod, A.J., Palmieri, P.A., Collinswoth, L.L., & Reed, M. (2002). Sexual assault an other types of sexual harassment by workplace personnel: A comparison of antecedents and consequences. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7, 174–188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hesson-McInnis, M., & Fitzgerald, L.F. (1997). Sexual harassment: A preliminary test of an integrative model. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27, 877–901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ilies, R., Hauserman, N., Schowochau, S., & Stibal, J. (2003). Reported incidence rates of work-related sexual harassment in the United States: Using meta-analysis to explain reported rate disparities. Personnel Psychology, 56, 607–631.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingram, K.M., Corning, A., & Schmidt, L. (1996).The relationship of victimization experiences to psychological well-being among homeless women and low-income housed women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 218–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, I., & Gutek, B. (1982). Attributions and assignment of responsibility in sexual harassment. Journal of social Issues, 38, 121–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kissman, K. (1990). Women in blue-collar occupations. An exploration of constraints and facilitators. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 139–149.Google Scholar
Lapierre, L., Spector, P., & Leck, J. (2005). Sexual vs. nonsexual workplace aggression and victims' overall job satisfaction: Ameta-analysis. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10, 155–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lim, S., & Cortina, L.M. (2005). Interpersonal mistreatment in the workplace: The interface and impact of general incivility and sexual harassment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 483–496.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lipsey, M., & Wilson, D. (2001). Practical meta-analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google ScholarPubMed
Luthar, H., & Pastille, C. (2000). Modelling subordinate perceptions of sexual harassment: The role of superior-subordinate social-sexual interaction. Human Resource Management Review, 10, 211–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magley, V.J., Hulin, C.L., Fitzgerald, L.F., & DeNardo, M. (1999). Outcomes of self-labeling sexual harassment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 390–402.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morrow, P.C., McElroy, J C., & Phillips, C. (1994). Sexual harassment behaviors and work-related perceptions and attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45, 295–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munson, L.J., Hulin, C.L., & Drasgow, F. (2000).Longitudinal analysis of dispositional influences and sexual harassment: Effects on job and psychological outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 53, 21–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murrell, A.J., Olson, J.E., & Frieze, I.H. (1995). Sexual harassment and gender discrimination: A longitudinal study of women managers. Journal of Social Issues, 51, 139–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murry, W., Sivasubramaniam, N., & Jacques, P.H. (2001). Supervisory support, social exchange relationships, and sexual harassment consequences. A test of competing models. The Leadership Quarterly, 12, 1–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newell, C., Rosenfeld, P., & Culbertson, A.L. (1995). Sexual harassment experiences and equal opportunity perceptions of Navy women. Sex Roles, 32, 159–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Connell, B.J., & Korabik, K. (2000). Sexual harassment: The relationship of personal vulnerability, work context, perpetrator status, and type of harassment to outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56, 299–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orwin, R. (1983). A fail-safe N for effect size in meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Statistics, 8, 157–159.Google Scholar
Parker, S.K., & Griffin, M.A. (2002). What is so badabout a little name-calling? Negative consequences of gender harassment for over-performance demands and distress. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7, 195–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piotrkowski, C.S. (1998). Gender harassment, job satisfaction and distress among employed white and minority women. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3, 33–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ragins, B.R., & Scandura, T.A. (1995). Antecedents and work-related correlates of reported sexual harassment: An empirical investigation of competing hypotheses. Sex Roles, 32, 429–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosen, L.N., & Martin, L. (1998). Incidence and perceptions of sexual harassment among male and female U.S. Army soldiers. Military Psychology, 10, 239–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rospenda, K.M. (2002). Workplace harassment, services utilizationand drinking outcomes. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7, 141–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rotundo, M., Nguyen, D., & Sackett, P. (2001). A meta-analytic review of gender differences in perceptions of sexual harassment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 914–922.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scheneider, K.T., Swan, S., & Fitzgerald, L.F. (1997). Job-related and psychological effects of sexual harassment in the workplace: Empirical evidence from two organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 401–415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaffer, M.A., Joplin, J.R., Bell, M.P., Lau, T., & Oguz, C. (2000). Gender discrimination and job-related outcomes: A cross-cultural comparison of working women in the United States and China. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57, 395–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stedham, Y., & Mitchell, M.C. (1998). Sexual harassment in casinos: Effects on employee attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Gambling Studies, 14, 381–400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Viswesvaran, C., & Ones, D. (1995). Theory testing: Combining psychometric meta-analysis and structural equations modelling. Personnel Psychology, 48, 865–885.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wasti, S.A., Bergman, M.E., Glomb, T.M., & Drasgow, F. (2000). Test of the cross-cultural generalizability of a model of sexual harassment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 766–778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, J.H., Fitzgerald, L.F., & Drasgow, F. (1999). The effects of organizational practices on sexual harassment and individual outcomes in the Military. Military Psychology, 11, 303–328CrossRefGoogle Scholar