Skip to main content
Log in

Specificity of projection among cells of the zona incerta

  • Published:
Journal of Neurocytology

Abstract

We have examined whether individual cells of the zona incerta of the thalamus have widespread projections across the brain. Double injections of different coloured fluorescent latex beads (red or green) were made, in various combinations, into regions of neocortex, dorsal thalamus or brainstem of Sprague-Dawley rats. These regions were chosen since they have been shown previously to receive projections from the zona incerta. We also made injections of different coloured beads into different regions of these same brain centres (ie, distinct cortical areas or individual dorsal thalamic and brainstem nuclei). In general, our results show that cells of the zona incerta have projections limited to one of these brain centres only. We saw very few double-labelled incertal cells after double injections of different coloured latex beads into either the neocortex/dorsal thalamus, neocortex/brainstem or dorsal thalamus/brainstem. Further, we show that within each of these brain centres, the projection patterns of individual incertal cells is rather restricted, since double injections of different coloured beads into separate regions of the same centre resulted in few double-labelled incertal cells. Taken together, these results suggest a very clear specificity of projection among cells of the zona incerta. Thus, although the cells of the zona incerta receive a plethora of inputs from many sources, it appears that its cells have a very clear and focussed output to distinct regions of the brain.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Beitz, A. J. (1989) Possible origin of glutamatergic projections to the midbrain periaqueductal grey and deep layer of the superior colliculus of the rat. Brain Research 23, 25-35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broberger, C., De Lecea, L. & Sutcliffe, J. G. (1998) Hypocretin/Orexin-and melanin-concentrating hormone-expressing cells form distinct populations in the rodent lateral hypothalamus: relationship to the neuropeptide Y and agouti gene-related protein systems. Journal of Comparative Neurology 402, 460-474.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, D. A. & Maillard, C. A. (1988) Subthalamic and mesencephalic locomotor regions: brain damage augments the importance of female movement for the display of sexual behaviour in male rats. Physiology and Behaviour 44, 803-809.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elias, C. F., Saper, C. B., Maratos-Flier, E., Tritos, N., Lee, C., Kelly, J., Tatro, J. B., Hoffman, G. E., Ollman, M. M., Barsh, G. S., Sakurai, T., Yanagisawa, M. & Elmquist, J. K. (1998) Chemically defined projections linking the mediobasal hypothalamus and the lateral hypothalamic area. Journal of Comparative Neurology 402, 442-459.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ficalora, A. S. & Mize, R. R. (1989) The neurones of the substantia nigra and the zona incerta which project to the cat superior colliculus are GABA immunoreactive: a double label study usingGABAimmunocytochemistry and lectin retrograde transport. Neuroscience 29, 567-581.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gurdjian, E. S. (1927) The diencephalon of the albino rat. Studies on the brain of the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology 173, 123-146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E. G. (1985) The Thalamus. New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, L. C., Burkhalter, A. & Dreyer, W. J. (1984) Fluorescent latex microspheres as a retrograde neuronal marker for in vivo and in vitro studies of visual cortex. Nature 310, 498-500.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kawana, E. & Watanabe, K. (1981) A cytoarchitectonic study of the zona incerta in the rat. Journal of Hirnforsch 22, 535-541.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, U., Gregory, E. & Hall, W. C. (1992) Pathway from the zona incerta to the superior colliculus in the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology 321, 555-575.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kohler, C. & Swanson, L. W.(1984) Acetylcholinesterase-containing cells in the lateral hypothalamic area are immunoreactive for alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and have cortical projections in the rat. Neuroscience Letters 49, 39-43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kohler. C., Haglund. L. & Swanson, L. W. (1984) A diffuse alpha MSH-immunoreactive projection to the hippocampus and spinal cord from individual neurones in the lateral hypothalamic area and zona incerta. Journal of Comparative Neurology 223, 501-514.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kolmac, C. I. & Mitrofanis, J. (1997) Organisation of the reticular thalamic projection to the intralaminar and midline nuclei in rats. Journal of Comparative Neurology 377, 165-178.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kolmac, C. I. & Mitrofanis, J. (1999) Distribution of various neurochemicals within zona incerta: an immunocytochemical and histochemical study. Anatomy and Embryology 199, 265-280.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kolmac, C. I., Power, B. D. & Mitrofanis, J. (1998) Patterns of connections between zona incerta and brainstem in rats. Journal of Comparative Neurology 396, 544-555.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuzemensky, J. (1977) Contribution to the cytoarchitectonics of the zona incerta and ForelÕsfield in rodents. Folia Morphologica 25, 366-370.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, R. C., Nicolelis, M. A., Schneider, J. S. & Chapin, J. K. (1990) A major GABAergic pathway from zona incerta to neocortex. Science 248, 1553-1556.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, R. C., Nicolelis, M. A. & Chapin, J. K. (1997) Topographic and laminar organisations of the incertocortical pathways in rats. Neuroscience 81, 641-651.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, T. P., Hu, X.-J., Anavi, Y. & Rafols, J. A. (1992) Organisation of the zona incerta in the macaque: a Nissl and Golgi study. Journal of Comparative Neurology 320, 273-290.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • May, P. J., Sun, W. & Halls, W. C. (1997) Reciprocal connections between the zona incerta and the pretectum and superior colliculus of the cat. Neuroscience 77, 1091-1114.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mogenson, G. J., Swanson, L. W. & Wu, M. (1985) Evidence that projections from substantia innominata to zona incerta and mesencephalic locomotor region contribute to locomotor activity. Brain Research 334, 65-76.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolelis, M. A., Chapin, J. K. & Lin, R. C. (1992) Somatotopic maps within the zona incerta relay parallel GABAergic somatosensory pathways to the neocortex, superior colliculus and brainstem. Brain Research 577, 134-141.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolelis, M. A., Chapin, J. K. & Lin, R. C. (1995) Development of direct GABAergic projections from the zona incerta to the somatosensory cortex of the rat. Neuroscience 65, 609-631.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paxinos, G. & Watson, C. J. (1986) The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, 2nd edn. Academic Press.

  • Power, B. D. & Mitrofanis, J. (1999) Evidence for extensive inter-connections within the zona incerta in rats. Neuroscience Letters.

  • Power, B. D., Kolmac, C. I. & Mitrofanis, J. (1999) Evidence for a large projection from the zona incerta to the dorsal thalamus. Journal of Comparative Neurology 404, 554-565.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ricardo, J. A. (1981) Efferent connections of the subthalamic region in the rat. II. The zona incerta. Brain Research 214, 43-60.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roger, M. & Cadusseau, J. (1985) Afferents to the zona incerta in the rat: a combined retrograde and anterograde study. Journal of Comparative Neurology 241, 480-492.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romanowski, C. A. J., Mitchell, I. J. & Crossman, A. R. (1985) The organisation of the different projections of the zona incerta. Journal of Anatomy 143, 75-95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saper, C. B. (1985) Organisation of cerebral cortical afferent systems in the rat. II. Hypothalamo-cortical projections. Journal of Comparative Neurology 237, 21-46.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saper, C. B., Akil, H. & Watson, S. J. (1986) Lateral hypothalamic innervation of the cerebral cortex: Immunoreactive staining for a peptide resembling but immunohistochemically distinct from pituitary/arcuate ®-melanocyte stimulating hormone. Brain Research Bulletin 16, 107-120.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, L. W. (1992) Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain. Netherlands: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaccaro, T. M. & Mitrofanis, J.(1997) Does the reticular thalamic nucleus project to the midbrain? Journal of Neurocytology 26, 223-239.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, C. K., Eaton, M. J., Moore, K. E. & Lookingland, K. J. (1995) Efferent projections from the region of the medial zona incerta containing A13 dopaminergic neurones: a PHA-L anterograde tracttracing study in the rat. Brain Research 677, 229-237.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe, K. & Kawana, E. (1982) The cells of origin of the incerto-fugal projections to the tectum, thalamus, tegmentum and spinal cord in the rat: a study using autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase methods. Neuroscience 10, 2389-2406.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Power, B.D., Mitrofanis, J. Specificity of projection among cells of the zona incerta. J Neurocytol 28, 481–493 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007005105679

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007005105679

Keywords

Navigation