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Reovirus-induced apoptosis: A minireview

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Abstract

Reoviruses infect a variety of mammalian hosts and serve as an important experimental system for studying the mechanisms of virus-induced injury. Reovirus infection induces apoptosis in cultured cells in vitro and in target tissues in vivo, including the heart and central nervous system (CNS). In epithelial cells, reovirus-induced apoptosis involves the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) from infected cells and the activation of TRAIL-associated death receptors (DRs) DR4 and DR5. DR activation is followed by activation of caspase 8, cleavage of Bid, and the subsequent release of pro-apoptotic mitochondrial factors. By contrast, in neurons, reovirus-induced apoptosis involves a wider array of DRs, including TNFR and Fas, and the mitochondria appear to play a less critical role. These results show that reoviruses induce apoptotic pathways in a cell and tissue specific manner. In vivo there is an excellent correlation between the location of viral infection, the presence of tissue injury and apoptosis, indicating that apoptosis is a critical mechanism by which disease is triggered in the host. These studies suggest that inhibition of apoptosis may provide a novel strategy for limiting virus-induced tissue damage following infection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Denver, CO, 80220, USA

    P. Clarke

  2. Departments of Neurology, Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado Health Sciences, Denver, CO, 80262

    K. L. Tyler

  3. Denver Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, 80220, USA

    K. L. Tyler

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Clarke, P., Tyler, K.L. Reovirus-induced apoptosis: A minireview. Apoptosis 8, 141–150 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022966508671

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