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Mortality in a cadmium polluted area in Japan

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Abstract

A 15-year follow-up study of 3178 inhabitants (1424 men and 1754 women) living in the cadmium (Cd) polluted Kakehashi River basin was conducted. The results clarified effects on mortality of renal dysfunction induced by Cd indicated by urinary beta-2-microglobulin (β2-MG), total protein, glucose, and total amino acids. This study used Cox's proportional hazard model.

The mortality risk ratio of urinary β2-MG positive (>=1000 μg/gCr) subjects was significantly increased in both sexes: 1.35 for men and 1.73 for women. The increased mortality ratio of the urinary protein positive (>=10 mg/dl) subjects was also significant for both sexes, with risk ratios of 1.82 for men and 2.01 for women. Only the women showed significantly increased mortality of the urinary glucose positive (>=20 mg/dl) subjects and amino acids positive (>=300 μg/gCr) subjects. When the subjects were divided into four categories according to urinary β2-MG, <300, 300–1000, 1000–10000, >=10000 μg/gCr, the mortality risk ratios were increased in proportion to the increase of urinary β2-MG in both sexes. These results suggest that mortality of Cd-exposed subjects increased with increasing excretion of four urinary markers of renal tubular dysfunction, and in proportion to increases in the amount of urinary β2-MG excretion including under 1000 μg/gCr.

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Correspondence to Muneko Nishijo.

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Nishijo, M., Nakagawa, H., Morikawa, Y. et al. Mortality in a cadmium polluted area in Japan. Biometals 17, 535–538 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOM.0000045734.44764.ab

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOM.0000045734.44764.ab

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