Skip to main content
Search
Search
    Quick Search anywhere
    Quick search in Citations
Advanced Search
Skip main navigationClose Drawer MenuOpen Drawer Menu
Previous article
Next article
Übersichtsartikel

Neurobiologische Forschung bei Pädophilie – Ergebnisse und deren Konsequenzen für die Diagnostik pädosexueller Straftäter

Published Online:September 04, 2009https://doi.org/10.1024/1016-264X.20.3.193

Abstract

Die Schwierigkeit bei der Diagnostik pädophiler Sexualstraftäter liegt in der validen Einschätzung eines pädosexuellen Interesses. Die aktuell angewendeten Verfahren und Methoden können die psychometrischen Gütekriterien nur zum Teil erfüllen. Angesichts einer zunehmenden Fülle bildgebender Befunde zu den neuronalen Korrelaten pädophilen Erlebens scheinen sich neue Möglichkeiten für die Diagnostik pädosexueller Straftäter zu ergeben. Die Zusammenfassung aller bisherigen neurobiologischen Untersuchungen zeigt allerdings sehr heterogene Ergebnisse. Diagnostisch relevante Befunde, die auf die Einzelperson valide übertragen werden können, existieren noch nicht. Auch eine Überprüfung der psychometrischen Gütekriterien für die angewendeten neurobiologischen Paradigmen steht noch aus. Ihr Potential in Hinblick auf die Diagnostik pädosexueller Straftäter muss die neurobiologische forensisch-psychiatrische Forschung erst noch unter Beweis stellen.


Neurobiological research on pedophilia – results and their consequences for the assessment of pedophilic offenders

The difficulty with the assessment of pedophilic offenders is in the valid assessment of a pedophilic interest. The current methods lack of validity and reliability. In the last decade the amount of neurobiological investigations in pedophilia accelerates, however, the results are very heterogeneous. Relevant results for the assessment of pedophilia do not exist yet. In addition a verification of the validity and reliability of the used designs is absent. It is the challenge of the neurobiological forensic research to examine carefully the potential in assessing pedophilic offenders.

Literatur

  • Abel, G. G. , Jordan, A. , Hand, C. G. , Holland, L. A. & Phipps, A. (2001). Classification models of child molesters utilizing the Abel Assessment for Sexual Interest. Child Abuse and Neglect, 25, 703 – 718. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition, text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Beier, K. M. , Schäfer G. A., Goecker D. , Neutze J., Ahlers C. J. (2006). Präventionsprojekt Dunkelfeld. Der Berliner Ansatz zur therapeutischen Primärprävention von sexuellem Kindesmissbrauch. Humboldt-Spektrum, 13, 4 – 10. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Burns, J. M. & Swerdlow, R. H. (2003) Right orbitofrontal tumor with pedophilia symptom and constructional apraxia sign. Archives of Neurology, 60, 437 – 440. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Bühler, M. , Vollstädt-Klein, S. , Klemen, J. & Smolka, M. N. (2008). Does erotic stimulus presentation design affect brain activation patterns? Event-related vs. blocked fMRI designs. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 4, 30. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Cantor, J. M. , Kabani, N. , Christensen, B. K. , Zipursky, R. B. , Barbaree, H. E. , Dickey, R. , Klassen, P. E. , Mikulis, D. J. , Kuban, M. E. , Blak, T. , Richards, B. A. , Hanratty, M. K. & Blanchard, R. (2008). Cerebral white matter deficiencies in pedophilic men. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 42, 167 – 83. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Cohen L. J., Nikiforov , K., Gans , S., Poznansky , O., McGeoch , P., Weaver , C., King , E. G., Cullen , K. & Galynker, I. (2002) Heterosexual male perpetrators of childhood sexual abuse: a preliminary neuropsychiatric model. Psychiatric Quarterly, 73, 313 – 336. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Deegener, G. (1996). Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI). Göttingen: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Dilling, H. , Mombour, W. & Schmidt, M. H. (1991). Internationale Klassifikation psychischer Störungen: ICD-10, Kapitel V (F). Bern: Huber. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Dressing, H. , Obergriesser, T. , Tost, H. , Kaumeier, S. , Ruf, M. & Braus, D. F. (2001). Homosexual pedophilia and functional networks – an fMRI case report and literature review. Fortschritte der Neurologischen Psychiatrie, 69, 539 – 544. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Duchowski, A. T. (2007). Eye tracking methodology. Theory and practice. London: Springer. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Fairweather, D. S. (1947). Psychiatric aspects of the post-encephalitic syndrome. Journal of Mental Science, 391, 200 – 254. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Fiedler, P. (2004). Sexuelle Orientierung und sexuelle Abweichung. Basel: Beltz. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Fromberger, P. , Krippl, M. , Stolpmann, G. , Müller, J. L. (2007). Neurobiologie der pädophilen Störung – eine methodenkritische Darstellung bisheriger Forschungsergebnisse. Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Kriminologie, 1, 249 – 258. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Fromberger, P. , Wüstenberg, T. , Stolpmann, G. , Baudewig, J. , Kröner-Herwig, B. & Müller J. L. (2008). FMRT und Blickregistrierung bei pädosexuellen Straftätern – eine Pilotstudie. Vortrag auf der 23. Münchner Herbsttagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Methodik und Dokumentation in der Forensischen Psychiatrie (AGFP). First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Fromberger, P. (in press). Funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie und Blickregistrierung bei sexueller Erregung: Neue Perspektiven für die Grundlagenforschung bei pädosexuellen Straftätern? In: J. Müller (Hrsg.) , Neurobiologie forensisch relevanter Störungen. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Glasgow, D.V. , Osbourne, A. & Croxen, J. (2003). An assessment tool for investigating paedophile sexual interest using viewing time: an application of single case research methodology. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31, 96 – 102. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Gray, N. S. , Brown, A. S. , MacCulloch, M. J. , Smith, J. & Snowden, R. J. (2005). An implicit test of the associations between children and sex in pedophiles. Journal of Abnormal Psycholology, 114, 304 – 8. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Greenwald, A. G. , McGhee, D. E. & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464 – 1480. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Joyal, C. C. , Deborah, N. B. & Benoit, D. (2007). The neuropsychology and neurology of sexual deviance: a review and pilot study. Sexual Abuse, 19, 155 – 173. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Kalmus, E. & Beech, A.R. (2005). Forensic assessment of sexual interest: a review. Aggression and Violent behavior, 10, 193 – 217. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Knight, R. A. & Prentky, R. A. (1990). Classifying sexual offenders: the development and corroboration of taxonomic models. In: W. L. Marshall, D. R. Laws & H. E. Barbaree (Eds.), Handbook of sexual assault (pp. 209 – 227). New York: Plenum Press. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Knoch, D. (2007). Funktionelle Hemisphärenasymmetrie der Selbstkontrolle? Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie, 18, 183 – 192. First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Kranz, F. & Ishai, A. (2006). Face perception is modulated by sexual preference. Current Biology, 16, 63 – 68. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Lang, P. J. , Bradley, M. M. & Cuthbert, B. N. (1999). International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Digitized photographs, instruction manual and affective ratings. The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, Gainesville, Florida. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Laws, R. D. & Gress, C. L. Z. (2004). Seeing things differently: The viewing time alternative to penile plethysmography. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 9, 183 – 196. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Marshall, W. L. & Fernandez, Y. M. (2000). Phallometric testing with sexual offenders: limits to its value. Clinical Psychology review, 20, 807 – 822. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Marshall, W. L. & Fernandez, Y. M. (2003). Sexual preferences: are they useful in the assessment and treatment of sexual offenders? Aggression and Violent behavior, 8, 131 – 143. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Mendez, M.F. , Chow, T. , Ringman, J. , Twitchell, G. & Hinkin, C. H. (2000). Pedophilia and temporal lobe disturbances. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 12, 71 – 76. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Moulier, V. , Mouras, H. , Pelegrini-Issac, M. , Glutron, D. , Rouxel, R. , Grandjean, B. , Bittoun, J. & Stoleru, S. (2006). Neuroanatomical correlates of penile erection evoked by photographic stimuli in human males. Neuroimage, 33, 689 – 699. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Mouras, H. & Stoleru, S. (2007). Functional neuroanatomy of sexual arousal. In: F. Kandeel, T. Lue , J. Pryor, R. Swerdloff (Eds.), Male Sexual Dysfunction: pathophysiology and Treatment (pp. 39 – 54). New York: Informa Healthcare. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Müller, J. L. (2008). Forensische Psychiatrie im Zeitalter der „neuroscience“. Der Nervenarzt First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Nedopil, N. , Blümcke, I. , Bock, H. , Bogerts, B. , Born, C. & Stübner, S. (2008). Tödliche Lust – sadistischer Fetischismus. Forensisch-psychiatrische Begutachtung von Sexualstraftätern. Der Nervenarzt, 79, 1249 – 1262. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • O’Donohue, W. , Regev, L. G. & Hagstrom, A. (2000). Problems with the DSM-IV –Diagnosis of Pedophilia. Sexual Abuse, 12, 95 – 105. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Polizeiliche Kriminalstatistik (2007). Bundeskriminalamt, Wiesbaden. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Ponseti, J. , Bosinski, H. A. , Wolff, S. , Peller, M. , Jansen, O. , Mehdorn, H.M. , Büchel, C. & Siebner, H. R. (2006). A functional endophenotype for sexual orientation in humans. Neuroimage, 33, 825 – 833. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Redoute, J. , Stoleru, S. , Gregoire, M. C. , Costes, N. , Cinotti, L. , Lavenne, F. , Le Bars, D. , Forest, M. G. & Pujol, J. F. (2000). Brain processing of visual sexual stimuli in human males. Human Brain Mapping, 11, 162 – 177. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Sartorius, A. , Ruf, M. , Kief, C. , Demirakca, T. , Bailer, J. , Ende, G. , Henn, F. A. , Meyer-Lindenberg, A. & Dressing, H. (2008), Abnormal amygdala activation profile in pedophilia. European Archive of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 258, 271 – 277. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Schiffer, B. , Peschel, T. , Paul, T. , Gizewski, E. , Forsting, M. , Leygraf, N. , Schedlowski, M. & Krueger, T. H. C. (2006). Structural brain abnormalities in the frontostriatal system and cerebellum in pedophilia. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 41, 753 – 62. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Schiffer, B. , Paul, T. , Gizewski, E. , Forsting, M. , Leygraf, N. , Schedlowski, M. & Kruger, T. H. C. (2008a). Functional brain correlates of heterosexual pedophilia. Neuroimage 41, 80 – 91. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Schiffer, B. , Krueger, T. , Paul, T. , de Greiff, A. , Forsting, M. , Leygraf, N. , Schedlowski, M. & Gizewski, E. (2008b). Brain responses to visual sexual stimuli in homosexual pedophiles. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 33, 23 – 33. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Schiltz, K. , Witzel, J. G. & Bogerts, B. (2006). Hirnstrukturelle Auffälligkeiten bei pädophilen Patienten im Maßregelvollzug. Forensische Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie – Werkstattschriften, 13, 59 – 77. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Schiltz, K. , Witzel, J. , Northoff, G. , Zierhut, K. , Gubka, U. , Fellmann, H. , Kaufmann, J. , Tempelmann, C. , Wiebking, C. & Bogerts, B. (2007). Brain Pathology in pedophilic offenders: evidence of volume reduction in the right amygdala and related diencephalic structures. Archives of general Psychiatry, 64, 737 – 746. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Seto, M. C. (2008). Pedophilia and sexual offending against children: theory, assessment and intervention. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Simkins, L.,Ward , W., Bowmann , S., Rinck , C. M. & de Souza, E. (1990). Predicting treatment outcome for child sexual abusers. Annals of Sex Research, 3, 21 – 57. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Walter, M. , Witzel, J. , Wiebking, C. , Gubka, U. , Rotte, M. , Schiltz, K. , Bermpohl, F. , Tempelmann, C. , Bogerts, B. , Heinze, H. J. & Northoff, G. (2007). Pedophilia is linked to reduced activation in hypothalamus and lateral prefrontal cortex during visual erotic stimulation. Biological Psychiatry, 62, 698 – 701. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Walter, M. , Bermpohl, F. , Mouras, H. , Schiltz, K. , Tempelmann, C. , Rotte, M. , Heinze, H. J. , Bogerts, B. & Northoff, G. (2008). Distinguishing specific sexual and general emotional effects in fMRI – subcortical and cortical arousal during erotic picture viewing. Neuroimage, 40, 1482 – 1494. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Ward, T. & Siegert, R. J. (2002). Toward a comprehensive theory of child sexual abuse: a theory knitting perspective. Psychology, Crime and Law, 8, 319 – 351 First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Wiebking, C. , Witzel, J. , Walter, M. , Gubka, U. & Northoff, G. (2006). Vergleich der emotionalen und sexuellen Prozessierung zwischen Gesunden und Patienten mit einer Pädophilie – eine kombinierte Studie aus Neuropsychologie und fMRT. Forensische Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie – Werkstattschriften, 13, 79 – 93. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar