Analyse von Querschnittsdaten zur Intelligenzentwicklung im Erwachsenenalter: eine Studie zur deutschsprachigen Version der WAIS-IV
Abstract
Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Datensatz (N = 1664), aus dem auch die Normstichprobe für die deutschsprachige Version der Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) gezogen wurde, nach altersabhängigen Veränderungen kognitiver Fähigkeiten analysiert. Die niedrigsten Rohwertmittelwerte werden in der ältesten Altersgruppe erreicht, die Leistungsspitzen finden sich überwiegend im Altersbereich zwischen 20 und 29 Jahren. In den Untertests der Indizes Wahrnehmungsgebundenes Logisches Denken und Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit kommt es zu einer bedeutsamen Leistungsabnahme mit zunehmendem Alter: In der ältesten Altersgruppe werden nur noch zwischen 50 und 60 % der Rohwertmittelwerte der leistungsstärksten Altersgruppe erreicht. Gleichzeitig nimmt die Heterogenität in der Rohwertverteilung zu. Für die Indizes Sprachverständnis und Arbeitsgedächtnis fallen beide Effekte deutlich niedriger aus.
Age-related cognitive changes determine the theme of development of intelligence. The aim of this study is to analyse the data source (N = 1664) underlying the standardization of the German Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). Results show lowest means of raw scores at the eldest age group over all subtests and highest means of raw scores at the age band of 20 to 29 years for all subtests with the exception of the subtest Information. The subtests grouped to the indices Perceptual Reasoning and Processing Speed measuring fluid intelligence and visuomotor processing. They show substantial age-dependent lost. The eldest people achieve only 50 to 60 percent of the peak value (mean of raw scores). Concurrently the dispersion of raw scores inflates. For subtests grouped to the indices Verbal Comprehension and Working Memory a rather less pronounced effect was observed.
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