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Freie Beiträge

Mutter-Kind-Interaktion bei Frühgeborenen

Ein Vergleich von Früh- und Reifgeborenen im Alter von 36 Monaten

Published Online:June 04, 2012https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000078

Abstract

Die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion (MKI) Frühgeborener ist im Vergleich zu Reifgeborenen durch eine erhöhte mütterliche Intrusivität und Kontrolle gekennzeichnet. Analysiert wurde die MKI von Früh- und Reifgeborenen im Alter von 36 Monaten. 39 Frühgeborene < 1500 g (Studiengruppe) und 26 Reifgeborene (Kontrollgruppe) wurden im korrigierten Alter von 36 Monaten mittels Mannheimer Methode zur standardisierten Beobachtung der MKI im Kleinkindalter untersucht. Hierzu werden zwei fünfminütige Interaktionssituationen videographisch aufgezeichnet. Für die Lernsituation konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Mütter Frühgeborener weniger supportiv, häufiger restriktiv und unangemessen steuern, „negativer“ auf ihre Kinder reagieren und häufiger „negative“ Interaktionsauffälligkeiten zeigen. In der Spielsituation zeigte sich, dass Mütter frühgeborener Kinder häufiger negative Interaktionsauffälligkeiten sowie eine höhere negative Gestimmtheit und eine unangemessenere Steuerung aufweisen. Die Lernsituation zeigte sich in der Gruppe der Frühgeborenen als die „schwierigere“ Interaktion. Die Problematik der Mutter- Kind-Interaktion Frühgeborener bedarf besonderer Beachtung sowie früher Interventionen.


Mother-child interaction in VLBW preterm and full-term infants at the corrected age of 36 months

Mother-child interaction in preterm infants shows a higher rate of maternal intrusive and controlling behavior compared to term infants. Mother–child interaction was recorded at 36 months of infant’s age in a population of 39 very low birthweight (VLBW) preterm infants and 26 full-term infants using the Mannheim Rating Scales for the analysis of Mother-Child Interaction in toddlers. Learning interaction analysis indentified mothers of preterm infants as behaving less supportively, more restrictively and inappropriately. They also showed a higher rate of “negative” interactions compared to term infant mothers. Play interaction analysis identified a higher rate of negative interaction, inappropriate regulation and negative disposition in mothers of preterm infants. Mother-child interaction in the learning situation proved to be more difficult than in the play situation. Early diagnosis of mother-child interaction disturbances is necessary to make early interventions possible.

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