Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung dieser Literaturanalyse ist die Erfassung des gegenwärtigen empirischen Erkenntnisstands zu den körperlichen und psychosozialen Belastungen bei Jugendlichen mit einer Krebserkrankung. Spezifische Fragestellungen beinhalten die Untersuchung der Art und der Auftretenshäufigkeit spezifischer Belastungen im körperlichen, psychischen und sozialen Bereich unter Berücksichtigung der krankheits- und behandlungsbezogenen Faktoren. Ziel ist es, den psychologischen und pädagogischen Unterstützungsbedarf sowie relevante Forschungsfragestellungen abzuleiten. Für den Suchzeitraum von 01/1986 bis 06/2009 konnten 33 Originalarbeiten in die Übersichtsarbeit einbezogen werden. Es wurden insgesamt 1751 Jugendliche mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 15.4 Jahren untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der Literaturanalyse zeigen, dass Jugendliche mit einer Krebserkrankung mit vielfältigen Belastungen konfrontiert sind, die alle elementaren Entwicklungsbereiche (physisch, psychisch, kognitiv und sozial) betreffen. Als besondere Belastungen zeigten sich in den Studien folgende Bereiche: die körperlichen Veränderungen, krebs- und behandlungsspezifische Erschöpfung (Fatigue) und die beeinträchtigte Lebensqualität, Ängste und Depression sowie ein verringertes Selbstwertgefühl, Sorgen, von den Freunden verlassen zu werden, Sorgen um verändertes Aussehen sowie darüber, die Schule zu versäumen. Als weiteres Ergebnis des Reviews kann festgehalten werden, dass für krebskranke Jugendliche der Aspekt Schule und Lernen einen großen Stellenwert einnimmt. Es besteht insgesamt ein großer Forschungsbedarf zu den psychosozialen und pädagogischen Unterstützungsbedürfnissen von jugendlichen Krebspatienten.
Abstract. The purpose of this literature review is to identify current knowledge about physical and psychosocial distress among young adults with cancer. Specific research questions included the investigation of the nature and prevalence of specific distressing physical, emotional, and social factors, particularly those related to illness and treatment. This review aims to determine the psychological and educational needs for support as well as relevant research topics. Thirty-three studies met inclusion criteria: original research papers published between January 1986 and June 2009. Overall, samples included 1,751 adolescents with an average age of 15.4 years. Results show that young adults with cancer are confronted with a variety of distressing factors affecting all elementary areas of development (physical, psychological, cognitive, and social). Physical alterations, fatigue and impaired quality of life, anxiety, depression and lower self-esteem, fear of abandonment by friends and peers, and concerns about changes in appearance or about missing time in school emerged as specific distressing factors. The review shows that education and school are regarded as very important among adolescents and young adults with cancer. There is an urgent need for research about the psychosocial and educational support needs of young adults with cancer.
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