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Allografting

CD34+ lineage specific donor cell chimerism for the diagnosis and treatment of impending relapse of AML or myelodysplastic syndrome after allo-SCT

Abstract

After allo-SCT, analysis of CD34+ lineage-specific donor cell chimerism (DCC) is a sensitive method for monitoring minimal residual disease in patients with AML or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with CD34 expression. To substantiate evidence of whether immune interventions in patients with impending relapse, defined by incomplete lineage-specific DCC, may prevent hematological relapse, we performed a retrospective nested case control study. Unsorted and lineage-specific DCC were measured in 134 patients. Forty-three patients had an incomplete CD34+-DCC with no other evidence of relapse. After immediate tapering of immunosuppressive treatment (30 patients) and/or infusion of donor lymphocytes (10 patients), 21 patients remained in remission (conversion to complete lineage-specific DCC) and 22 relapsed. Relapse-free survival at 3 years of the 91 patients with stable DCC and of the 43 patients with incomplete DCC was 74% (95% confidence interval (CI), 64–83%) and 40% (95% CI, 24–58%), respectively. OS rates were 79% (95% CI, 70–88%) and 52% (95% CI, 35–69%), respectively. These results, with 49% of patients with impending relapse successfully treated with immune intervention, highly suggest that analysis of CD34+-DCC is an important tool for monitoring and the management of AML and MDS patients after allo-SCT.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Brigitte Grieser, Charlotte Wilken and Annegret Rosemann for their excellent technical assistance. We would also like to thank the physicians and the nursing staff of all participating institutions for excellent patient care.

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Correspondence to M Stelljes.

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Rosenow, F., Berkemeier, A., Krug, U. et al. CD34+ lineage specific donor cell chimerism for the diagnosis and treatment of impending relapse of AML or myelodysplastic syndrome after allo-SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant 48, 1070–1076 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2013.2

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