Article
Issues and updates: evaluating estrogen receptor-α, progesterone receptor, and HER2 in breast cancer

https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2010.55Get rights and content
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Abstract

There are currently three prognostic/predictive biomarkers used in routine clinical management of patients with breast cancer, and their assessment is mandatory. They include estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα), progesterone receptor (PgR), and the HER2 oncogene/oncoprotein. This paper briefly reviews the assessment of ERα, PgR, and HER2 in breast cancer, emphasizing recent progress and persistent controversies.

breast cancer
immunohistochemistry
estrogen receptor
progesterone receptor
HER2

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