Prevalence of CKD and Comorbid Illness in Elderly Patients in the United States: Results From the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP)
Section snippets
Kidney Early Evaluation Program
KEEP is a free community-based health screening program that targets populations aged ≥ 18 years at high risk of kidney disease, defined as history of diabetes or hypertension or first-order relative with diabetes, hypertension, or kidney disease, as described in detail previously.13 Since August 2000, the program has screened > 128,000 participants from 49 states and the District of Colombia. In this study, we included 107,309 eligible KEEP participants from August 2000 through December 31,
Results
Of the 3 cohorts, the KEEP population was younger with higher proportions of women, African Americans, and diabetes and hypertension, and lower prevalences of high cholesterol levels, coronary artery disease, and peripheral vascular disease (Table 1). Distributions of age, sex, and race were similar in the NHANES and Medicare populations.
In both the KEEP and NHANES populations, ∼44% of participants aged ≥ 65 years were determined to have CKD, with similar proportions in subgroups defined by
Discussion
Chronic kidney failure disproportionately burdens the elderly. The median age of new dialysis patients now is 65 years, and the fastest growing age group is > 75 years. Thus, kidney disease in elderly patients is an important focus for public health and clinical care.22 Because earlier CKD stages precede and are far more common than kidney failure, understanding the characteristics of CKD in elderly patients at these earlier stages is essential to patient care and can help identify resources
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Shane Nygaard, BA, and Nan Booth, MSW, MPH, of the Chronic Disease Group for manuscript preparation and manuscript editing, respectively.
Support: This study was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23-DK081017; Kidney Function and Aging). KEEP is a program of the National Kidney Foundation Inc and is supported by Amgen, Abbott, Novartis, Siemens, Genentech, Genzyme, Nephroceuticals, Pfizer, LifeScan, and Suplena.
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