Original Investigation
Dialysis
Achieving the Goal of the Fistula First Breakthrough Initiative for Prevalent Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.08.028Get rights and content

Background

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) established a national goal of 66% arteriovenous fistula (AVF) use in prevalent hemodialysis (HD) patients for the current Fistula First Breakthrough Initiative. The feasibility of achieving the goal has been debated. We examined contemporary patterns of AVF use in prevalent patients to assess the potential for attaining the goal by dialysis facilities and their associated End-Stage Renal Disease Networks in the United States.

Study Design

Observational study.

Setting & Participants

US dialysis facilities with a mean HD patient census of 10 or more during the 40-month study period, January 2007-April 2010.

Outcomes & Measurements

Mean changes in facility-level AVF use and percentage of facilities achieving the 66% prevalent AVF goal within the United States and each network.

Results

Mean prevalent AVF use within dialysis facilities increased from 45.3% to 55.5% (P < 0.001) in the United States, but varied substantially across regions. The percentage of facilities achieving the 66% AVF use goal increased from 6.4% to 19.0% (P < 0.001). During the 40 months, 35.9% of facilities achieved the CMS goal for at least 1 month. On average, these facilities sustained mean use ≥66% for 12.9 ± 11.7 (SD) months. Case-mix and other facility characteristics explained 20% of the variation in proportion of facility patients using an AVF in the last measured month, leaving substantial unexplained variability.

Limitations

This analysis is limited by the absence of facility case-mix data over time, and the national scope of the initiative precludes use of a comparison group.

Conclusions

Achieving the CMS goal of 66% prevalent AVF use is feasible for individual dialysis facilities. There is a need to decrease regional variation before the CMS goal can be fully realized for US HD facilities.

Section snippets

Study Setting

The 18 regional ESRD Networks make up a surveillance system that collects, analyzes, and disseminates information about the patterns and outcomes of ESRD care in the United States. The networks are responsible for conducting the FFBI and, in collaboration with dialysis facilities, nephrologists, and other health professionals, improving the use of AVFs by US HD patients. Networks are CMS contractors responsible for communicating the advantages of AVF use, providing improvement strategies and

Results

There were 5,692 facilities submitting data to the CMS vascular access database for January 2007-April 2010, and 4,064 had an average patient census of 10 or more and data for all 40 months. Six facilities were excluded because of coding anomalies (ie, having >1 network number). Of the remaining 4,058 facilities included in our analyses, mean patient census was 72.3 ± 42.4 (standard deviation). Table 1 provides a description of facility case-mix and other characteristics across networks.

AVF use

Discussion

Although the CMS goal of 66% prevalent AVF use has not yet been reached nationally, our observations, which are based on national monthly reporting by all FFBI-eligible facilities in the United States, show that the goal frequently is attained by individual facilities; however, success varies substantially among facilities in different networks. Because of the shared responsibility for improvement by facilities and networks, it is useful to examine progress and consider additional strategies

Acknowledgements

The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government.

Support: The analyses upon which this publication is based were performed under Contract number 500-06-NW005C entitled ESRD Networks Organization for the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia, sponsored by the CMS, Department of Health

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Originally published online December 1, 2010.

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