Basic–alimentary tractToll-Like Receptor–Dependent Activation of Antigen-Presenting Cells Affects Adaptive Immunity to Helicobacter pylori
Section snippets
Bacteria
The mouse-adapted H pylori strain SS1 was used for mouse inoculation experiments. For stimulation of DCs we used the H pylori strains SS1, Hp76, and G27. Bacteria were grown at 37°C under microaerophilic conditions (85% N2, 10% CO2, and 5% O2) on Wilkins Chalgren agar plates (Oxoid, Basingstoke, England). Agar plates were supplemented with 10% horse serum (Gibco, Eggenstein, Germany) and a standard Helicobacter-selective antibiotic mixture (DENT supplement; Oxoid). For quantitative H pylori
Interaction of H pylori With Mouse BMDCs
To investigate the different steps of the Helicobacter/DC interaction we generated mouse BMDCs. Figure 1A shows GFP-transformed H pylori G27 adhering to a DC after 15 minutes of incubation. Large numbers of bacteria remained adherent even after extensive washing (10×), showing the strength of binding. Uptake of bacteria or microbial components by DCs is important for subsequent antigen processing and presentation. Figure 1B shows confocal microscopic images of extracellularly and
Discussion
The adaptive immune system, found exclusively in vertebrates, evolved from an ancient innate defense mechanism common to all metazoans. It is therefore not surprising that innate immune sensing and signaling is the starting point of specific immunity. Central to this process are the DCs that integrate innate information and convey it to lymphocytes.11 We show here that DC activation by H pylori is mediated largely by TLRs. H pylori–stimulated Myd88−/− DCs, but not wild-type, IL-18−/−, or IL-1R
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Current address for R.R.: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, CB10 1SA Hinxton/Cambridge, United Kingdom. email: [email protected]
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R.R. is a recipient of a fellowship from the German Research Society and obtained financial support from Bund der Freunde der Technischen Universität München. The Microarray and Bioinformatics Core Unit at the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene is supported by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Nationales Genomforschungsnetz Network Infection and Inflammation FKZ 01G0113, TP 37 to R.L., H.W., and R. Hoffmann).