Macro- and Micro-environmental Factors in Clinical Hepatocellular Cancer
Section snippets
Methods
We approached the extraction of novel information from a standard set of baseline clinical parameter data at diagnosis, used in routine clinical practice clinic for HCC evaluation, in a way that allows us to better characterize HCC clinical heterogeneity. We have previously demonstrated that this can be done by application of graph theory tools. Mathematical graphs, when properly selected, can capture what at first sight are complicated relationship patterns, in an elegant and, most
HCC Heterogeneity: Identification of Two General HCC Phenotypes
We present the first independent validation of the previously published results obtained by NPS analysis of HCC screening data from another HCC cohort, which was not part of a screening program. With these independent clinical data, we therefore followed without any modification all of the previously used steps in their preparation for NPS transformation and analysis. The first step was the definition of the partitions in the k-partite graph. That included a data-driven approach that simplified
Discussion
It has been long recognized in HCC studies that unlike many other tumors, prognosis depends upon both tumor and micro-environment factors (liver inflammation), as well as macro-environmental factors such as age and gender. In order to discuss these combinations of various factors, a variety of approaches have been taken,23 such as multivariable regression, principal component analysis,24, 25, 26, 27, 28 or neural networks.27, 29, 30, 31, 32 Regression methods become too complicated for
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Conflicts of interest: none.
Grant support: ERZ-CZ LL1201 (CORES) to P.P. and NIH grant CA 82723 to B.I.C.