Oropharyngeale Dysphagien – ein Update Teil 1: Physiologie, Pathologie und Diagnostik

 

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Zusammenfassung

Schlucken ist ein komplexer Vorgang, der das koordinierte Zusammenspiel von verschiedenen Nerven und Muskelgruppen erfordert. Bei Fehlfunktionen können daraus oropharyngeale Dysphagien resultieren, die eine hohe Prävalenz – vor allem bei alten Menschen haben. Differenzialdiagnostisch kommen viele Ursachen infrage. Neben daraus resultierenden Einschränkungen in der Nahrungsaufnahme von bestimmten Konsistenzen können sich auch schwerwiegende Folgen, wie z. B. eine komplette nicht-orale Ernährung über eine PEG ergeben. Eine therapiesteuernde Diagnostik z. B. durch eine flexibel transnasale oder starre Videoendoskopie ist erforderlich, um die geeignete Behandlungsform zu finden, die häufig interdisziplinäre Aspekte beinhaltet.

Abstract

Update Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Part1: Physiology, Pathology and Diagnosis

Swallowing is a complex mechanism with many muscles and nerves needed. If this is disturbed, oropharyngeal dysphagia may be caused, especially in the elderly. There is a wide range of causes. Where oral feeding is sufficiently impaired then this route may have to be bypassed by percutaneous enteral gastostomy. Evaluation of swallowing is usually done with a fiberoptic or 90-degree optic. Individual needs must be addressed, usually, and best, by a multidisciplinary team.

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