Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2019; 144(03): 189-193
DOI: 10.1055/a-0652-2488
Klinischer Fortschritt
Rheumatologie
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Fortschritte bei der Systemischen Sklerose

Frühe, zielgerichtete und intensive Behandlung ist der Schlüssel zum ErfolgProgress in Systemic SclerosisEarly, Targeted and Intensive Therapy is the Key to Success
Gabriela Riemekasten
Klinik für Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
31 January 2019 (online)

Was ist neu?

Von der Pathogenese zu neuen therapeutischen Zielen Das adaptive Immunsystem scheint für die Pathogenese entscheidend. Insbesondere dürften Autoantikörper, die das angeborene und adaptive Immunsystem regulieren, eine wesentliche Rolle spielen.

Das frühe Erkennen von Organkomplikationen Schäden entstehen in den ersten 5 Jahren nach Beginn des Raynaud-Syndroms. Daher ist ein kontinuierliches Screening auf Organschäden nötig; die frühe Zuweisung in Zentren wird empfohlen. Bei Polymerase-III-Ak muss an ein paraneoplastisches Syndrom gedacht werden. Die kardiale Beteiligung ist prognostisch wichtiger als zuvor vermutet.

Besseres Verstehen der Krankheitslast Die Systemische Sklerose (SSc) besitzt eine Vielzahl von wenig bekannten Symptomen wie Inkontinenz, Juckreiz und beeinträchtigt in der Regel die Lebensqualität deutlich.

Die Letalität der Systemischen Sklerose D ie Mehrzahl der Patienten stirbt an der Erkrankung oder an deren Folgen, wobei neben der Lungenfibrose und der pulmonalen arteriellen Hypertonie die kardiale Beteiligung die knapp 10 %ige Sterblichkeit innerhalb von 2 Jahren verursacht. Durch frühes Erkennen von ventrikulären Tachykardien kann der plötzliche Herztod verhindert werden.

Neues zur Therapie der Systemischen Sklerose Frühe und intensive Therapien und die Behandlung in Zentren sind nötig. Bei früher diffuser SSc ist eine autologe Stammzelltransplantation zu erwägen. Eine Reihe Substanzen befindet sich derzeit in Phase-III-Studien. Viele SSc-Patienten sind untertherapiert.

Abstract

This literature review summarizes the main findings in systemic sclerosis (SSc) made in the last few years. Accordingly, the disease pathogenesis is mainly driven by the adaptive immune system, which is proven by the effects of autologous stem cell transplantation. Particularly, autoantibodies can activate both adaptive as well as innate immune cells as identified for the anti-angiotensin receptor antibodies. In addition, major achievements come from the early recognition of organ complications, which mainly appear in the first years upon Raynaud`s phenomenon. This implicates screening for organ complications such as for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or interstitial lung disease (ILD) even without any clinical symptoms at the beginning. On the other hand, the presence of anti-polymerase III antibodies indicates a risk or the presence of malignant diseases, which should be identified. Several studies in the last years showed the high burden of the disease, which is often underscored by physicians. Pain, depressions, fatigue, and incontinence often determine quality of life and should be recognized and treated, if possible. Systemic sclerosis is a disease with the highest disease-related mortality among the rheumatic diseases. More than half of the SSc patients die from SSc manifestations particularly from cardiac and lung involvement such as PAH and ILD. Ventricular tachycardias should be recognized by Holter-ECG. Finally, intensive therapies such as autologous stem cell transplantation or combination therapies seem to be most successful in SSc as well as in SSc-related PAH. Currently, several studies are ongoing, which will hopefully change the outcome and quality of life.

 
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