Potenziale und Herausforderungen von E-Mental-Health-Interventionen in der Versorgung psychischer Störungen

 

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Zusammenfassung

Psychische Störungen sind weit verbreitet und führen zu bedeutenden Beeinträchtigungen auf individueller und gesellschaftlicher Ebene. Trotz der starken Krankheitslast und des vergleichsweisen gut ausgebauten Versorgungssystems in Deutschland werden psychische Störungen nur unzureichend versorgt. Auch tragen Zugangsbarrieren wie etwa lange Wartezeiten auf ambulante Behandlungsplätze dazu bei, dass Gesundheitsdienstleistungen nur verzögert oder gar nicht durch Betroffene in Anspruch genommen werden. E-Mental-Health-Interventionen gelten als vielversprechende Optionen, um Zugangsbarrieren abzubauen und Versorgungslücken, z. B. durch eine Unterversorgung im ländlichen Raum, zu schließen. Sie können zeit- und ortsunabhängig angeboten werden und auch Menschen in Regionen mit geringer Versorgungsdichte oder Menschen mit körperlichen Beeinträchtigungen, die in ihrer Mobilität eingeschränkt sind, erreichen. Trotz des großen Potenzials von E-Mental-Health-Interventionen bestehen zahlreiche Herausforderungen, z. B. in Bezug auf den Datenschutz und die Präzisierung hinsichtlich begrifflicher, konzeptioneller und evaluativer Aspekte des sehr breiten E-(Mental)-Health-Sektors. Diese können zum einen hinderlich für die Implementierung in der Routineversorgung sein und zum anderen die Akzeptanz der Interventionen bei Behandlern und Nutzern beeinflussen. Der Überblicksbeitrag beschreibt und diskutiert Potenziale, Herausforderungen und den Präzisierungsbedarf von E-Mental-Health-Interventionen im Kontext der Versorgung psychischer Störungen.

Abstract

Mental disorders are common and impairing for both affected individuals and society. Despite the great burden of mental disorders and a comparably well-developed mental health care system in Germany, mental disorders are still treated insufficiently. Additionally, access barriers such as long waiting times for outpatient treatment impede utilization of mental health care services. E-mental health interventions are considered as promising options to reduce access barriers and to overcome gaps in the mental health care system. Such interventions can be delivered flexibly (i. e. independent of time and / or space), so that people living in rural and underserved areas, or people with mobility constraints (e. g. because of physical illness or impairment) can be reached adequately. However, the e-(mental) health sector is facing numerous challenges, as there is ambiguity regarding terminological, conceptual and evaluative aspects hindering the implementation process in routine care and affecting acceptance of e-mental health interventions for users and health care providers. Thus, this contribution describes and discusses potentials, challenges and needs for specification (e. g. terminologically) of e-mental health interventions in the context of mental health care.

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