Epidemiologie von Kopfschmerzen über die Lebensspanne

 

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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Epidemiologische Daten sind in den letzten Jahren zunehmend in den Fokus des medizinischen Interesses gerückt, da sie neben der Abschätzung der für die Behandlung der Erkrankung notwendigen Ressourcen auch Hinweise auf ätiologische oder pathophysiologische Zusammenhänge geben können. Für die Erkrankungen aus dem Gebiet der primären Kopfschmerzen gibt es seit Anfang 2000 aussagekräftige Studien, die fast ausschließlich als Querschnittserhebungen konzipiert waren. Die 12-Monats-Prävalenz für Kopfschmerzen allgemein liegt in Deutschland bei ca. 60 %, wobei Kinder und Jugendliche genauso betroffen sind wie Erwachsene. Die Prävalenz der Migräne liegt im Mittel über alle Studien bei etwa 10 %, die des Spannungskopfschmerzes bei ca. 16 % bis 18 % und für den Clusterkopfschmerz bei 0,1 % bis 0,2 %. Ein Zusammenhang von Kopfschmerzen und subjektiv erlebten Stress lässt sich für alle Altersgruppen nachweisen. Belastbare Daten zum Einfluss von Therapien, Lebensstilmodifikationen und genetischer Faktoren fehlen. In der Zukunft ist zu hoffen, dass entsprechende Langzeitbeobachtungen durchgeführt werden.

ABSTRACT

Epidemiological studies have become increasingly important in recent years because there is growing interest in the estimation of the social cost of a particular disorder and the possibility of gaining insights into the etiology and pathophysiology of disorders using epidemiological data. Since 2000, several cross-sectional studies concerning primary headache haves been performed in Germany. The main results are that the annual prevalence of unspecific headache is around 60 % with no differences between the age groups, with the exception of the elderly. The prevalence of migraine is about 10 %, of tension-type headache 16 % to 18 %, and of cluster headache 0.1 % to 0.2 %. The studies also proved that there is a relationship between subjectively experienced stress and headaches in all age groups. Longitudinal data about the course of the headache disorders with specific and without specific therapy are lacking so far, as is an evaluation of lifestyle factors in the long term.

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