Skull Base 2008; 18(5): 289-295
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086057
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

© Thieme Medical Publishers

Surgical Treatment of Elongated Styloid Process: Experience of 61 Cases

Alper Ceylan1 , Ahmet Köybaşioğlu1 , Fatih Çelenk1 , Oğuz Yilmaz1 , Sabri Uslu1
  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
15 September 2008 (online)

ABSTRACT

Aim: To describe the management of patients with elongated styloid process syndrome (Eagle's syndrome). Materials and Methods: Sixty-one patients with elongated styloid process were treated between 2000 and 2005. Computed tomography examination defines those whose symptoms suggest the diagnosis. Patients with styloid processes longer than 25 mm were treated by surgical resection. Results: Fifty-seven (93.4%) of 61 patients treated for Eagle's syndrome became asymptomatic after resection. There were no serious complications. Conclusion: Patients with clinically and radiologically established elongated styloid process can be managed successfully by surgical resection using an external approach.

REFERENCES

  • 1 Mortellaro C, Biancucci P, Picciolo G, Vercellino V. Eagle's syndrome: importance of a corrected diagnosis and adequate surgical treatment.  J Craniofac Surg. 2002;  13 755-758
  • 2 Strauss M, Zohar Y, Laurian N. Elongated styloid process syndrome: intraoral versus external approach for styloid surgery.  Laryngoscope. 1985;  95 976-979
  • 3 Eagle W. Elongated styloid process: report of two cases.  Arch Otolaryngol. 1937;  25 584-586
  • 4 Baddour H M, McAnear J T, Tilson H B. Eagle's syndrome. Report of a case.  Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1978;  46 486-494
  • 5 Winkler S, Sammartino Sr F J, Sammartino Jr F J, Monari J H. Stylohyoid syndrome. Report of a case.  Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1981;  51 215-217
  • 6 Monsour P A, Young W G, Barnes P B. Styloid-stylohyoid syndrome: a clinical update.  Aust Dent J. 1985;  30 341-345
  • 7 Palesy P, Murray G M, De Boever J, Klineberg I. The involvement of the styloid process in head and neck pain—a preliminary study.  J Oral Rehabil. 2000;  27 275-287
  • 8 Eagle W. Elongated styloid process: further observations and new syndrome.  Arch Otolaryngol. 1948;  47 630-640
  • 9 Kaufman S M, Elzay R P, Irish E F. Styloid process variation. Radiologic and clinical study.  Arch Otolaryngol. 1970;  91 460-463
  • 10 Chandler J R. Anatomical variations of the stylohyoid complex and their clinical significance.  Laryngoscope. 1977;  87 1692-1701
  • 11 Ferrario V F, Sigurta D, Daddona A et al.. Calcification of the stylohyoid ligament: incidence and morphoquantitative evaluations.  Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1990;  69 524-529
  • 12 Zaki H S, Greco C M, Rudy T E, Kubinski J A. Elongated styloid process in a temporomandibular disorder sample: prevalence and treatment outcome.  J Prosthet Dent. 1996;  75 399-405
  • 13 Moffat D A, Ramsden R T, Shaw H J. The styloid process syndrome: aetiological factors and surgical management.  J Laryngol Otol. 1977;  91 279-294
  • 14 Lengele B G, Dhem A J. Length of the styloid process of the temporal bone.  Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1988;  114 1003-1006
  • 15 Prasad K C, Kamath M P, Reddy K J, Raju K, Agarwal S. Elongated styloid process (Eagle's syndrome): a clinical study.  J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2002;  60 171-175
  • 16 Bafaqeeh S A. Eagle syndrome: classic and carotid artery types.  J Otolaryngol. 2000;  29 88-94
  • 17 Eagle W. Elongated styloid process: symptoms and treatment.  Arch Otolaryngol. 1958;  64 172-176
  • 18 Harma R. Stylalgia: clinical experience of 52 cases.  Acta Otolaryngol. 1966;  224 149-155
  • 19 Balasubramanian S. The ossification of the stylohyoid ligament and its relation to facial pain.  Br Dent J. 1964;  116 108-111
  • 20 Balbuena Jr L, Hayes D, Ramirez S G, Johnson R. Eagle's syndrome (elongated styloid process).  South Med J. 1997;  90 331-334
  • 21 Montalbetti L, Ferrandi D, Pergami P, Savoldi F. Elongated styloid process and Eagle's syndrome.  Cephalalgia. 1995;  15 80-93
  • 22 Mendelsohn A H, Berke G S, Chhetri D K. Heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of Eagle's syndrome.  Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;  134 389-393
  • 23 Woolery W A. The diagnostic challenge of styloid elongation (Eagle's syndrome).  J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1990;  90 88-89
  • 24 Savranlar A, Uzun L, Ugur M B, Ozer T. Three-dimensional CT of Eagle's syndrome.  Diagn Interv Radiol. 2005;  11 206-209
  • 25 Quereshy F A, Gold E S, Arnold J, Powers M P. Eagle's syndrome in an 11-year-old patient.  J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001;  59 94-97
  • 26 Pierrakou E D. Eagle's syndrome. Review of the literature and a case report.  Ann Dent. 1990;  49 30-33
  • 27 Aydil U, Ekinci O, Koybasioglu A, Kizil Y. Hyoid bone insertion tendinitis: clinicopathologic correlation.  Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2007;  264 557-560
  • 28 Boedts D. Styloid process syndrome or stylohyoid syndrome?.  Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1978;  32 273-278
  • 29 Zhang Y L, Liao D M, Wei Y G, Bai G R. Styloid process syndrome: length and palpation of the styloid process.  Chin Med J (Engl). 1987;  100 56-57
  • 30 Chase D C, Zarmen A, Bigelow W C, McCoy J M. Eagle's syndrome: a comparison of intraoral versus extraoral surgical approaches.  Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1986;  62 625-629
  • 31 Beder E, Ozgursoy O B, Ozgursoy S K. Current diagnosis and transoral surgical treatment of Eagle's syndrome.  J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;  63 1742-1745
  • 32 Ghosh L M, Dubey S P. The syndrome of elongated styloid process.  Auris Nasus Larynx. 1999;  26 169-175

Fatih ÇelenkM.D. 

Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University

Besevler, Cankaya, 06500, Ankara, Turkey

Email: facelenk@yahoo.com

    >