Epidemiologische Untersuchung zur Häufigkeit eines Vitamin-D-Mangels in Norddeutschland

 

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Die für eine ausreichende Vitamin-D-Produktion empfohlene Sonnenlichtexposition von 30 Minuten pro Tag wird kaum erreicht. Begründet ist dies vor allem in den Witterungsbedingungen sowie heutigen Lebens- und Arbeitsgewohnheiten. Das Ziel unserer Studie war, das Ausmaß eines Vitamin-D-Mangels in Norddeutschland zu untersuchen.

Methodik: Hierzu wurden retrospektiv die 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin-D-Spiegel von über 99 000 Menschen aus Norddeutschland der Jahre 2008–2011 nach Alter, Geschlecht und Jahreszeit ausgewertet. Eine Einteilung des 25-Vitamin-D-Status erfolgte in suffiziente (> 75 nmol/l) und insuffiziente (50 – 75 nmol/l) Versorgung sowie Vitamin-D-Mangel (< 50 – 27,5 nmol/l) und schweren Vitamin-D-Mangel (< 27,5 nmol/l).

Ergebnisse: Eine Vitamin-D-Unterversorgung konnte in allen Altersgruppen sowohl bei Frauen als auch Männern in Norddeutschland nachgewiesen werden. In den sonnenarmen Monaten war der Vitamin-D-Mangel besonders ausgeprägt. So zeigten in den Monaten Januar bis April mehr als 30 % der untersuchten Personen einen schweren Vitamin-D-Mangel. Die Untersuchung ergab zudem, dass nahezu gleichverteilt über die einzelnen Monate des gesamten Jahres 25-Vitamin-D-Bestimmungen durchgeführt wurden. Insgesamt wurde häufiger bei Älteren als bei Jüngeren diese Untersuchung angefordert. Allerdings konnte gerade auch für das Jugend- und junge Erwachsenenalter ein schwerer Vitamin-D-Mangel bei ca. 25 % der untersuchten Personen detektiert werden.

Folgerungen: Aus den dargestellten Ergebnissen kann die Empfehlung abgeleitet werden, einmal pro Jahr 25-Vitamin-D-Spiegel in den Monaten Januar bis April zu bestimmen, um rechtzeitig einen schweren Mangel zu erkennen und präventiv-therapeutisch eingreifen zu können.

Abstract

Background and purpose: In North Germany, the recommended exposure to sunlight of 30 minutes per day to produce sufficient vitamin D is hardly achieved, in particular due to weather conditions. Moreover, lifestyle and working habits also contribute to this problem. The aim of our study was therefore to investigate the prevalence of the vitamin D deficiency in North Germany.

Methods: For this purpose, 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels of over 98,000 people from North Germany during the time period 2008–2011 were retrospectively analysed based on age, gender and season. 25-vitamin D status was divided into sufficient (> 75 nmol/l) and insufficient (50 to 75 nmol/l) supply as well as vitamin D deficiency (< 50 to 25 nmol/l) and severe vitamin D deficiency (< 25 nmol/l).

Results: An undersupply of vitamin D was evident in all age groups analysed both in women and men in North Germany. Overall, vitamin D deficiency was particularly present during the months with less sunlight: more than 30 % of the people analysed showed a severe vitamin D deficiency in the months January to April. The study also showed that 25-vitamin D tests were almost evenly distributed over the individual months of the whole year and that this analysis was requested more frequently in elderly than in younger people. However, a severe vitamin D deficiency could also be detected in 25 % of the people analysed in the adolescent and young adult age group.

Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be recommended to test 25-vitamin D levels once a year during the months January to April to detect a severe deficiency and to early initiate preventive supplementation.

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