Genderspezifische Unterschiede im Rahmen der Lebertransplantation

 

 Buy Article Permissions and Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Die Lebertransplantation ist die lebensrettende Therapieoption für Patienten mit einem akuten Leberversagen oder einer chronischen Lebererkrankung im Endstadium. Die Langzeitergebnisse nach Lebertransplantation wurden durch Fortschritte der chirurgischen Technik, des perioperativen Managements, der Organentnahme, der Organkonservierung und in der Immunsuppression deutlich verbessert. Geschlechtsspezifische Aspekte sind im klinischen Alltag von großer Bedeutung und beeinflussen den Verlauf und Ausgang der Leberkrankung, den Zugang zur Lebertransplantation, das Patienten- und Transplantatüberleben, metabolische Aspekte und die Lebensqualität nach Lebertransplantation. Diese Übersichtsarbeit will die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede und deren Auswirkungen auf das Überleben nach Lebertransplantation hervorheben.

Abstract

Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for acute hepatic failure or endstage liver disease. Long-time outcome following liver transplantation has been increased as a result of improvements in surgical technique, perioperative management, organ procurement and immunuosuppression. Differences in liver disease, access and allocation to liver transplantation as outcome due to gender have been reported. This review highlights the important differences in the field of liver transplantation.

• Literatur

• 1 Gesundheitsberichtserstattung des Bundes: Sterbefälle, Sterbeziffern 2013. Im Internet: https://www.gbe-bund.de/oowa921-install/servlet/oowa/aw92WSO0100/WSO100/_XWD_FORMPROC Stand: 26.03.2015
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 2 Data from Eurotransplant International Foundation. Im Internet: http://statistics.eurotransplant.org/index.php?search_type=waiting+list&search_organ=liver&search_region=Germany&search_period=2015&search_characteristic=gender&search_text= Stand: 26.03.2015
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 3 Klassen AC, Klassen DK, Brookmeyer R et al. Factors influencing waiting time and successful receipt of cadaveric liver transplant in the United States. 1990 to 1992. Med Care 1998; 36: 281-294
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 4 Moylan CA, Brady CW, Johnson JL et al. Disparities in liver transplantation before and after introduction of the MELD score. JAMA 2008; 300: 2371-2378
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 5 Fink MA, Berry SR, Gow PJ et al. Risk factors for liver transplantation waiting list mortality. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 22: 119-124
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 6 Axelrod DA, Pomfret EA. Race and sex disparities in liver transplantation: progress toward achieving equal access?. JAMA 2008; 300: 2425-2426
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 7 Ojo AO, Held PJ, Port FK et al. Chronic renal failure after transplantation of a nonrenal organ. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 931-940
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 8 Wiesner RH. Patient selection in an era of donor liver shortage: current US policy. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 2: 24-30
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 9 Sharma P, Balan V, Hernandez JL et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: the MELD impact. Liver Transpl 2004; 10: 36-41
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 10 Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 693-699
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 11 Adam R, Karam V, Delvart V et al. Evolution of indications and results of liver transplantation in Europe. A report from the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR). J Hepatol 2012; 57: 675-688
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 12 Washburn K, Edwards E, Harper A et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma patients are advantaged in the current liver transplant allocation system. Am J Transplant 2010; 10: 1643-1648
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 13 Data from Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Im Internet: http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/converge/latestdata/rptData.asp Stand: Mai 2015
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 14 Leone N, Rizzetto M. Natural history of hepatitis C virus infection: from chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis, to hepatocellular carcinoma. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol 2005; 51: 31-46
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 15 Di Martino V, Lebray P, Myers RP et al. Progression of liver fibrosis in women infected with hepatitis C: long-term benefit of estrogen exposure. Hepatology 2004; 40: 1426-1433
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 16 Villa E, Karampatou A, Camma C et al. Early menopause is associated with lack of response to antiviral therapy in women with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2011; 140: 818-829
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 17 Villa E, Vukotic R, Camma C et al. Reproductive status is associated with the severity of fibrosis in women with hepatitis C. PLoS One 2012; 7: e44624
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 18 Lai JC, Verna EC, Brown RS et al. Hepatitis C virus-infected women have a higher risk of advanced fibrosis and graft loss after liver transplantation than men. Hepatology 2011; 54: 418-424
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 19 Belli LS, Burroughs AK, Burra P et al. Liver transplantation for HCV cirrhosis: improved survival in recent years and increased severity of recurrent disease in female recipients: results of a long term retrospective study. Liver Transpl 2007; 13: 733-740
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 20 Lai JC, Feng S, Roberts JP et al. Gender differences in liver donor quality are predictive of graft loss. Am J Transplant 2011; 11: 296-302
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 21 Loomba R, Sanyal AJ. The global NAFLD epidemic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 10: 686-690
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 22 Park CW, Tsai NT, Wong LL. Implications of worse renal dysfunction and medical comorbidities in patients with NASH undergoing liver transplant evaluation: impact on MELD and more. Clin Transplant 2011; 25: E606-611
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 23 Poynard T, Mathurin P, Lai CL et al. A comparison of fibrosis progression in chronic liver diseases. J Hepatol 2003; 38: 257-265
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 24 Pfitzmann R, Schwenzer J, Rayes N et al. Long-term survival and predictors of relapse after orthotopic liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease. Liver Transpl 2007; 13: 197-205
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 25 Pfitzmann R, Benscheidt B, Langrehr JM et al. Trends and experiences in liver retransplantation over 15 years. Liver Transpl 2007; 13: 248-257
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 26 Becker U, Deis A, Sørensen TI et al. Prediction of risk of liver disease by alcohol intake, sex, and age: a prospective population study. Hepatology 1996; 23: 1025-1029
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 27 DiMartini A, Day N, Dew MA et al. Alcohol consumption patterns and predictors of use following liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease. Liver Transpl 2006; 12: 813-820
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 28 Dumortier J, Guillaud O, Adham M et al. Negative impact of de novo malignancies rather than alcohol relapse on survival after liver transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis: a retrospective analysis of 305 patients in a single center. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 1032-1041
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 29 Björnsson E, Olsson J, Rydell A et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with alcoholic liver disease after liver transplantation in Sweden: impact of structured management on recidivism. Scand J Gastroenterol 2005; 40: 206-216
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 30 Wang X, Li J, Riaz DR et al. Outcomes of liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 12: 394-402 e1
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 31 Manns MP, Czaja AJ, Gorham JD et al. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2010; 51: 2193-2213
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 32 Grønbæk L, Vilstrup H, Jepsen P. Autoimmune hepatitis in Denmark: incidence, prevalence, prognosis, and causes of death. A nationwide registry-based cohort study. J Hepatol 2014; 60: 612-617
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 33 Rubel LR, Rabin L, Seeff LB et al. Does primary biliary cirrhosis in men differ from primary biliary cirrhosis in women?. Hepatology 1984; 4: 671-677
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 34 Kaplan MM, Gershwin ME. Primary biliary cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 1261-1273
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 35 Kim WR, Lindor KD, Locke 3rd GR et al. Epidemiology and natural history of primary biliary cirrhosis in a US community. Gastroenterology 2000; 119: 1631-1636
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 36 Lucey MR, Neuberger JM, Williams R. Primary biliary cirrhosis in men. Gut 1986; 27: 1373-1376
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 37 Singh S, Talwalkar JA. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: diagnosis, prognosis, and management. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11: 898-907
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 38 Toy E, Balasubramanian S, Selmi C et al. The prevalence, incidence and natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis in an ethnically diverse population. BMC Gastroenterol 2011; 11: 83
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 39 Boonstra K, Weersma RK, van Erpecum KJ et al. Population-based epidemiology, malignancy risk, and outcome of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology 2013; 58: 2045-2055
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 40 Karim Z, Intaraprasong P, Scudamore CH et al. Predictors of relapse to significant alcohol drinking after liver transplantation. Can J Gastroenterol 2010; 24: 245-250
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 41 Cauble S, Abbas A, Balart L et al. United States women receive more curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma than men. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58: 2817-2825
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 42 Walter T, Dumortier J, Guillaud O et al. Factors influencing the progression of fibrosis in patients with recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation under antiviral therapy: a retrospective analysis of 939 liver biopsies in a single center. Liver Transpl 2007; 13: 294-301
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 43 Rifai K, Hadem J, Wiegand J et al. Gender differences in patient receiving liver transplantation for viral hepatitis. Z Gastroenterol 2012; 50: 760-765
  Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 44 Fussner LA, Charlton MR, Heimbach JK et al. The impact of gender and NASH on chronic kidney disease before and after liver transplantation. Liver Int 2014; 34: 1259-1266
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 45 de Valle MB, Björnsson E, Lindkvist B. Mortality and cancer risk related to primary sclerosing cholangitis in a Swedish population-based cohort. Liver Int 2012; 32: 441-448
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 46 Frezza M, di Padova C, Pozzato G et al. High blood alcohol levels in women. The role of decreased gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and first-pass metabolism. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 95-99
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 47 El-Serag HB, Rudolph KL. Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology and molecular carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2007; 132: 2557-2576
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 48 Farinati F, Sergio A, Giacomin A et al. Is female sex a significant favorable prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma?. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 21: 1212-1218
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 49 Yang D, Hanna DL, Usher J et al. Impact of sex on the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results analysis. Cancer 2014; 120: 3707-3716
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 50 Schoening WN, Buescher N, Rademacher S et al. Twenty-year longitudinal follow-up after orthotopic liver transplantation: a single-center experience of 313 consecutive cases. Am J Transplant 2013; 13: 2384-2394
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 51 McTaggart RA, Terrault NA, Vardanian AJ et al. Hepatitis C etiology of liver disease is strongly associated with early acute rejection following liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2004; 10: 975-985
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 52 Thurairajah PH, Carbone M, Bridgestock H et al. Late acute liver allograft rejection; a study of its natural history and graft survival in the current era. Transplantation 2013; 95: 955-959
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 53 Grande L, Rull A, Rimola A et al. Impact of donor gender on graft survival after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1997; 29: 3373-3374
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 54 Rodriguez-Peralvarez M, Germani G, Papastergiou V et al. Early tacrolimus exposure after liver transplantation: relationship with moderate/severe acute rejection and long-term outcome. J Hepatol 2013; 58: 262-270
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 55 Mathur AK, Schaubel DE, Zhang H et al. Disparities in liver transplantation: the association between donor quality and recipient race/ethnicity and sex. Transplantation 2014; 97: 862-869
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 56 Marino IR, Doyle HR, Aldrighetti L et al. Effect of donor age and sex on the outcome of liver transplantation. Hepatology 1995; 22: 1754-1762
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 57 Zeier M, Döhler B, Opelz G et al. The effect of donor gender on graft survival. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13: 2570-2576
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 58 Rustgi VK, Marino G, Halpern MT et al. Role of gender and race mismatch and graft failure in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2002; 8: 514-518
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 59 Bathgate AJ, Hynd P, Sommerville D et al. The prediction of acute cellular rejection in orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg 1999; 5: 475-479
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 60 Bravata DM, Olkin I, Barnato AE et al. Health-related quality of life after liver transplantation: a meta-analysis. Liver Transpl Surg 1999; 5: 318-331
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 61 Moore KA, McL Jones R, Burrows GD. Quality of life and cognitive function of liver transplant patients: a prospective study. Liver Transpl 2000; 6: 633-642
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 62 Cowling T, Jennings LW, Goldstein RM et al. Liver transplantation and health-related quality of life: scoring differences between men and women. Liver Transpl 2004; 10: 88-96
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 63 Blanch J, Sureda B, Flavia M et al. Psychosocial adjustment to orthotopic liver transplantation in 266 recipients. Liver Transpl 2004; 10: 228-234
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 64 Ruppert K, Kuo S, DiMartini A et al. In a 12-year study, sustainability of quality of life benefits after liver transplantation varies with pretransplantation diagnosis. Gastroenterology 2010; 139: 1619-1629 1629.e1–4
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 65 Klein J, Tran SN, Mentha-Dugerdil A et al. Assessment of sexual function and conjugal satisfaction prior to and after liver transplantation. Ann Transplant 2013; 18: 136-145
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 66 Gomez-Lobo V, Burgansky A, Kim-Schluger L et al. Gynecologic symptoms and sexual function before and after liver transplantation. J Reprod Med 2006; 51: 457-462
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 67 Ho JK, Ko HH, Schaeffer DF et al. Sexual health after orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2006; 12: 1478-1484
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 68 Mass K, Quint EH, Punch MR et al. Gynecological and reproductive function after liver transplantation. Transplantation 1996; 62: 476-479
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 69 Coffin CS, Shaheen AA, Burak KW et al. Pregnancy outcomes among liver transplant recipients in the United States: a nationwide case-control analysis. Liver Transpl 2010; 16: 56-63
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 70 Deshpande NA, James NT, Kucirka LM et al. Pregnancy outcomes of liver transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Transpl 2012; 18: 621-629
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 71 Nicolau-Raducu R, Gitman M, Ganier D et al. Adverse cardiac events after orthotopic liver transplantation: a cross-sectional study in 389 consecutive patients. Liver Transpl 2015; 21: 13-21
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 72 Adami J, Gabel H, Lindelof B et al. Cancer risk following organ transplantation: a nationwide cohort study in Sweden. Br J Cancer 2003; 89: 1221-1227
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 73 Baccarani U, Piselli P, Serraino D et al. Comparison of de novo tumours after liver transplantation with incidence rates from Italian cancer registries. Dig Liver Dis 2010; 42: 55-60
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 74 Collett D, Mumford L, Banner NR et al. Comparison of the incidence of malignancy in recipients of different types of organ: a UK Registry audit. Am J Transplant 2010; 10: 1889-1896
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 75 Bruns H, Lozanovski VJ, Schultze D et al. Prediction of postoperative mortality in liver transplantation in the era of MELD-based liver allocation: a multivariate analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9: e98782
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 76 Watt KD, Pedersen RA, Kremers WK et al. Evolution of causes and risk factors for mortality post-liver transplant: results of the NIDDK long-term follow-up study. Am J Transplant 2010; 10: 1420-1427
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 77 Aberg F, Jula A, Hockerstedt K et al. Cardiovascular risk profile of patients with acute liver failure after liver transplantation when compared with the general population. Transplantation 2010; 89: 61-68
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 78 Rubin A, Sanchez-Montes C, Aguilera V et al. Long-term outcome of ‘long-term liver transplant survivors’. Transpl Int 2013; 26: 740-750
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 79 Aberg F, Pukkala E, Hockerstedt K et al. Risk of malignant neoplasms after liver transplantation: a population-based study. Liver Transpl 2008; 14: 1428-1436
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar