Tuberkulosescreening bei Asylbewerbern – Sinnvolle Maßnahmen in Deutschland

 

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Asylbewerber aus Hochinzidenzländern der Tuberkulose haben ein erhöhtes Risiko, bereits bei der Einreise nach Deutschland latent mit M. tuberculosis infiziert oder aktiv an einer Tuberkulose erkrankt zu sein. Bei der Ankunft in Deutschland sollten Asylbewerber aus Hochinzidenzländern sowohl auf das Vorliegen einer aktiven Tuberkulose als auch auf eine latente Infektion mit M. tuberculosis untersucht werden. Asylbewerber, die nicht aus Hochinzidenzländern der Tuberkulose kommen, sollten in gleicher Weise behandelt werden, wenn sie engen Kontakt zu Tuberkulosepatienten hatten oder HIV-infiziert sind. In Abwesenheit einer effektiven Vakzine können nur durch eine stringente und frühzeitige Therapie aktiv erkrankter Personen und durch konsequente Behandlung latent infizierter Personen aus Risikogruppen die Transmission von M. tuberculosis und das Auftreten neuer Erkrankungen verhindert werden. Bei der steigenden Zahl von Asylbewerbern sind hierzu geeignete Maßnahmen zur Stärkung des öffentlichen Gesundheitswesens unumgänglich.

Asylum seekers from countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis carry a high risk of having a latent infection with M. tuberculosis or even of having active disease already upon their entry into Germany. Upon arrival in Germany, asylum seekers from countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis should be examined not only for the presence of an active tuberculosis disease but also for a latent infection with M. tuberculosis. Asylum seekers who do not originate for a country with a high incidence of tuberculosis should be treated in the same manner when they have had close contacts with tuberculosis patients or if they are infected with HIV. In the absence of effective vaccinations, only a stringent and early initiated therapy for actively infected persons and, respectively, consequent treatment of persons with a latent infection can prevent these people from becoming a risk group for the transmission of M. tuberculosis and the occurrence of new cases of the disease. In parallel with the increasing numbers of asylum seekers, suitable measures to strengthen the public health system are indispensable.

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