Impfungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit rheumatischen und muskuloskelettalen Erkrankungen

 

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Zusammenfassung

Impfungen stellen die effektivste Maßnahme zur Infektionsprophylaxe dar. Bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit rheumatischen und muskuloskelettalen Erkrankungen wird von einem erhöhten Infektionsrisiko im Allgemeinen und für Erkankungen durch impfpräven-table Erreger im Speziellen ausgegangen. Daher ist ein vollständiger Impfstatus, Indikationsimpfungen im Bedarfsfall eingeschlossen, besonders wichtig. Impfungen sollten, wenn möglich, vor dem Einsatz einer Immunsuppression (IS) erfolgen, um deren Wirksamkeit (inklusive Boosterfähigkeit) sowie – im Hinblick auf Lebendimpfungen – auch Sicherheit zu erhöhen. Die Empfehlung zur schnellen Vervollständigung des Impfschutzes spiegelt auch die Beobachtung wider, dass gerade zu diesem frühen Zeitpunkt der Rheumatherapie eine erhöhte Infektionsrate vorliegt. Für die Planung von Schutzimpfungen bei bereits begonnener IS werden Strategien vorgeschlagen, die – untergliedert nach Tot- und Lebendimpfungen – den individuellen Impferfolg sichern und Risiken minimieren sollen.

Summary

Vaccinations are the most effective measure to prevent infections. Children and adolescents with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases are assumed to have an increased risk of infection in general and of infections caused by pathogens preventable by immunization. Therefore the completion of basic, catch-up and if necessary vaccinations for certain indications is especially important. If possible, these should be completed before the use of immunosuppression to increase efficacy and booster capability as well as to increase safety with regard to live vaccinations. The recommendation to rapidly complete vaccine coverage reflects the observation that there is an increased rate of infection especially at this early stage of rheumatology therapy. For the planning of vaccinations during immunosuppression which has already been started strategies are proposed – divided in inactivated and live vaccinations – to ensure individual success of immunization and to minimize risks.

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