Tinnitus – Klinik und Therapie

 

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Zusammenfassung

Tinnitus ist ein Phantomgeräusch, das ein Symptom verschiedener Störungen sein kann, z. B. durch Hörverlust, kardiovaskuläre oder neurologische Erkrankungen, Diabetes oder Tumoren. Bei dekompensiertem Tinnitus leiden die Patienten aufgrund ihrer Unfähigkeit, die auditive Aufmerksamkeit vom Tinnitus-Ton abzulenken, an Schlaflosigkeit, Konzentrationsproblemen und anderen psychologischen Störungen. In extremen Fällen kann es zu Symptomen einer manifesten Depression kommen. Der auditorische Charakter des Tinnitus veranlasst die Patienten überwiegend, Hilfe bei HNO-Ärzten zu suchen. Das erste Ziel der Behandler besteht darin, die Ursache des Tinnitus zu bestimmen und seine audiologischen Eigenschaften zu messen. Das zweite Ziel ist es, die tinnitusinduzierte Belastung einzuschätzen, den Schweregrad zu bewerten und u. U. weiterführende Therapien einzuleiten. Der Artikel beschreibt die audiologischen und psychologischen Eigenschaften des Tinnitus, derzeitige Klassifikationsmodelle und die therapeutischen Ansätze auf diesem Gebiet.

Abstract

Tinnitus is a phantom sound that can be a symptom of various disorders such as hearing loss, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, diabetes or tumors. Because of the inability to divert the auditory attention from tinnitus sound, patients suffer with insomnia, problems with concentration and other psychological conditions, in some extreme cases including major depression symptoms. The auditory character of tinnitus induces the patients to seek help predominantly at the otolaryngologist practice. The first aim of a physician is to establish the cause of tinnitus and to measure its audiological properties. The second aim is to estimate the tinnitus-induced distress and to grade its psychological severity. This manuscript is dedicated to describe the audiological as well as psychological properties of tinnitus, its contemporary classification and the therapeutic methods used in the field.

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