Messinstrumente zur Erfassung von Trauer - Ein kritischer Überblick

 

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Zusammenfassung

Da der Verlauf eines Trauerprozesses erhebliche Folgen für die psychische und physische Gesundheit des Betreffenden haben kann, wurden in der Vergangenheit viele Versuche unternommen, Trauerphänomene zu operationalisieren. Ein internationaler Überblick über die Messinstrumente zur Erfassung von Trauer zeigt jedoch, dass wenig Übereinstimmung hinsichtlich der Kernsymptomatik von Trauer herrscht. Nur wenige Instrumente wurden theoriegeleitet entwickelt, die Mehrzahl entstand vor dem Hintergrund klinischer Beobachtungen, nur ein Teil der Instrumente wurde psychometrisch konstruiert. Darüber hinaus weisen einige Instrumente Korrelationen zu anderen Konstrukten wie Depression und Angst auf, wobei offen bleibt, ob es sich dabei um eine trauerspezifische oder eine eigenständige Symptomatik handelt. Nur wenige Instrumente differenzieren zwischen normaler und pathologischer Trauer. Auch die Tatsache, dass bisher nur zwei deutschsprachige Instrumente zur Erfassung von Trauer vorliegen, weist darauf hin, dass diese Thematik, trotz ihrer klinischen Bedeutung bisher wenig Beachtung fand. Schließlich werden die an ein zukünftig zu entwickelndes Instrument zu stellenden Anforderungen umrissen.

Abstract

Scientific investigations show that the course of a grieving process may have a substantial impact on the mental and physical wellbeing of those concerned. An international survey of measuring instruments designed to register grief shows little conformity with respect to the key symptoms of grieving. Only few instruments are derived from scientific theory, the majority have been developed on the basis of clinical observations and only some of the instruments are psychometrically designed. Some instruments display correlations with other constructs such as depression and anxiety, with the question of whether the symptoms are grief-specific or autonomous remaining unanswered. Only few instruments serve to differentiate between normal and pathologic grief. The fact that only two German-language instruments for registering grief are available to date also indicates that this subject matter has attracted only scant attention despite its clinical significance. In conclusion, the demands to be made on an instrument to be developed in the future are outlined.

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Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Anette Kersting

Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie · Universitätsklinikum Münster

Albert-Schweizer-Straße 11

48129 Münster

Email: a.kersting@uni-muenster.de