Exogen-allergische Alveolitis

 

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Zusammenfassung

Die exogen-allergische Alveolitis (engl. = extrinsic allergic alveolitis/amerik. = hypersensitivity pneumonitis) ist eine seltene Lungenparenchymerkrankung, die durch Inhalation von Antigenen in Stäuben, Gasen oder Aerosolen entsteht. Die Kenntnis der verschiedenen Krankheitsbilder, der unterschiedlichen klinischen Verlaufsformen und der potenziellen Allergenexpositionen ist für die zeitgerechte Diagnosestellung essentiell. Fortgesetzte Allergenexposition kann zu einer irreversiblen Lungenfibrose oder einem Lungenemphysem mit chronischer Ateminsuffizienz führen. Veränderte gesellschaftliche Gegebenheiten führen zu neuen Krankheitsbildern (hot tub lung) oder neuen Expositionsquellen (Zimmerspringbrunnenalveolitis). Neben bestimmten Umgebungsfaktoren sind auch genetische Faktoren bei sensibilisierten Personen für die Entstehung des Krankheitsbildes verantwortlich. Der vorliegende Artikel soll im Besonderen die Diagnostik und entsprechenden Diagnosekriterien sowie einzelne klinische Krankheitsbilder der exogen-allergischen Alveolitis darstellen. Medikamentös induzierte Verlaufsformen der EAA werden in der folgenden Übersicht nicht berücksichtigt.

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Dr. med. Dirk Koschel

Abteilung Pneumologie, Fachkrankenhaus Coswig, Zentrum für Pneumologie, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie

Neucoswiger Str. 21

01640 Coswig

Email: dr.koschel@fachkrankenhaus-coswig.de