Ultraschall Med 2007; 28(5): 450-471
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-963571
CME Fortbildung/Continuing Education

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Duplexsonografie von Hämodialyseshunts

Duplex Sonography of Hemodialysis AccessC. Thalhammer1 , M. Aschwanden1 , D. Staub1 , M. Dickenmann2 , K. A. Jaeger1
  • 1Angiology, University Hospital, Basel
  • 2Transplantation Immology and Nephrology, University Hospital, Basel
Further Information

Publication History

received: 4.9.2007

accepted: 5.9.2007

Publication Date:
13 November 2007 (online)

Kernaussagen

  • Vor jeder Shuntanlage sind eine klinisch-angiologische Untersuchung und eine FKDS durchzuführen.

  • Die präoperative FKDS erhöht die Rate funktionsfähiger Hämodialyseshunts.

  • Die Shuntreifung wird klinisch und mittels FKDS überwacht.

  • Wichtige Komplikationen im Verlauf, welche die FKDS diagnostizieren kann, sind der akute Shuntverschluss, arterielle und venöse Stenosierungen, Steal-Phänomene sowie echte und falsche Aneurysmata.

Key Statements

  • A clincial-angiological examination and a CCDS should be performed prior to placement of every access.

  • Preoperative CCDS increases the rate of functioning hemodialysis shunts.

  • Shunt maturation should be monitored clinically and by CCDS.

  • Important complications in the course that can be diagnosed by CCDS are acute shunt occlusion, development of arterial and venous stenoses, steal phenomena, as well as true and false aneurysms.

Literatur/References

  • 1 Rooijens P P, Tordoir J H, Stijnen T. et al . Radiocephalic wrist arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis: meta-analysis indicates a high primary failure rate.  Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2004;  28 583-589
  • 2 Tordoir J, Canaud B, Haage P. et al . EBPG on Vascular Access.  Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;  22 ii88-ii117
  • 3 Pisoni R L, Young E W, Dykstra D M. et al . Vascular access use in Europe and the United States: results from the DOPPS.  Kidney Int. 2002;  61 305-316
  • 4 III. NKF-K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Vascular Access: update 2000.  Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;  37 S137-S181
  • 5 Clinical practice guidelines for vascular access.  Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;  48 S176-S247
  • 6 Dumars M C, Thompson W E, Bluth E I. et al . Management of suspected hemodialysis graft dysfunction: usefulness of diagnostic US.  Radiology. 2002;  222 103-107
  • 7 Doelman C, Duijm L E, Liem Y S. et al . Stenosis detection in failing hemodialysis access fistulas and grafts: comparison of color Doppler ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography, and digital subtraction angiography.  J Vasc Surg. 2005;  42 739-746
  • 8 Thalhammer C, Aschwanden M, Mayr M. et al . Colour-coded duplex sonography after renal transplantation.  Ultraschall in Med. 2007;  28 6-21
  • 9 Ortega T, Ortega F, az-Corte C. et al . The timely construction of arteriovenous fistulae: a key to reducing morbidity and mortality and to improving cost management.  Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005;  20 598-603
  • 10 Silva M B, Hobson R W, Pappas P J. et al . A strategy for increasing use of autogenous hemodialysis access procedures: impact of preoperative noninvasive evaluation.  J Vasc Surg. 1998;  27 302-307
  • 11 Allon Jr M, Robbin M L. Increasing arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients: problems and solutions.  Kidney Int. 2002;  62 1109-1124
  • 12 Huber T S, Ozaki C K, Flynn T C. et al . Prospective validation of an algorithm to maximize native arteriovenous fistulae for chronic hemodialysis access.  J Vasc Surg. 2002;  36 452-459
  • 13 Krishnabhakdi S, Wenner F. Die Sonographie verbessert die Qualität autologer Konzepte in der Gefäßchirurgie.  Ultraschall in Med. 2007;  27 S26-S27. Ref Type: Abstract
  • 14 Allon M, Lockhart M E, Lilly R Z. et al . Effect of preoperative sonographic mapping on vascular access outcomes in hemodialysis patients.  Kidney Int. 2001;  60 2013-2020
  • 15 Planken R N, Keuter X H, Kessels A G. et al . Forearm cephalic vein cross-sectional area changes at incremental congestion pressures: towards a standardized and reproducible vein mapping protocol.  J Vasc Surg. 2006;  44 353-358
  • 16 Parmar J, Aslam M, Standfield N. Pre-operative radial arterial diameter predicts early failure of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for haemodialysis.  Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007;  33 113-115
  • 17 Korten E, Toonder I M, Schrama Y C. et al . Dialysis fistulae patency and preoperative diameter ultrasound measurements.  Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007;  33 467-471
  • 18 Wall L P, Gasparis A, Callahan S. et al . Impaired hyperemic response is predictive of early access failure.  Ann Vasc Surg. 2004;  18 167-171
  • 19 Lockhart M E, Robbin M L, Allon M. Preoperative sonographic radial artery evaluation and correlation with subsequent radiocephalic fistula outcome.  J Ultrasound Med. 2004;  23 161-168
  • 20 Mendes R R, Farber M A, Marston W A. et al . Prediction of wrist arteriovenous fistula maturation with preoperative vein mapping with ultrasonography.  J Vasc Surg. 2002;  36 460-463
  • 21 Lockhart M E, Robbin M L, Fineberg N S. et al . Cephalic vein measurement before forearm fistula creation: does use of a tourniquet to meet the venous diameter threshold increase the number of usable fistulas?.  J Ultrasound Med. 2006;  25 1541-1545
  • 22 Passman M A, Criado E, Farber M A. et al . Efficacy of color flow duplex imaging for proximal upper extremity venous outflow obstruction in hemodialysis patients.  J Vasc Surg. 1998;  28 869-875
  • 23 Corpataux J M, Haesler E, Silacci P. et al . Low-pressure environment and remodelling of the forearm vein in Brescia-Cimino haemodialysis access.  Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;  17 1057-1062
  • 24 Robbin M L, Chamberlain N E, Lockhart M E. et al . Hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula maturity: US evaluation.  Radiology. 2002;  225 59-64
  • 25 Grogan J, Castilla M, Lozanski L. et al . Frequency of critical stenosis in primary arteriovenous fistulae before hemodialysis access: should duplex ultrasound surveillance be the standard of care?.  J Vasc Surg. 2005;  41 1000-1006
  • 26 Turmel-Rodrigues L, Mouton A, Birmele B. et al . Salvage of immature forearm fistulas for haemodialysis by interventional radiology.  Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2001;  16 2365-2371
  • 27 Clark T W, Cohen R A, Kwak A. et al . Salvage of nonmaturing native fistulas by using angioplasty.  Radiology. 2007;  242 286-292
  • 28 Lockhart M E, Robbin M L. Hemodialysis access ultrasound.  Ultrasound Q. 2001;  17 157-167
  • 29 Finlay D E, Longley D G, Foshager M C. et al . Duplex and color Doppler sonography of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts.  Radiographics. 1993;  13 983-989
  • 30 Bay W H, Henry M L, Lazarus J M. et al . Predicting hemodialysis access failure with color flow Doppler ultrasound.  Am J Nephrol. 1998;  18 296-304
  • 31 Turmel-Rodrigues L, Pengloan J, Baudin S. et al . Treatment of stenosis and thrombosis in haemodialysis fistulas and grafts by interventional radiology.  Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000;  15 2029-2036
  • 32 Hecking C, Aschwanden M, Dickenmann M. et al . Efficient haemodialysis despite complete central venous thrombosis.  Vasa. 2006;  35 243-244
  • 33 Neville R F, Abularrage C J, White P W. et al . Venous hypertension associated with arteriovenous hemodialysis access.  Semin Vasc Surg. 2004;  17 50-56
  • 34 Chemla E S, Korrakuti L, Makanjuola D. et al . Vascular access in hemodialysis patients with central venous obstruction or stenosis: one center’s experience.  Ann Vasc Surg. 2005;  19 692-698
  • 35 Mickley V. Central vein obstruction in vascular access.  Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2006;  32 439-444
  • 36 Kanterman R Y, Vesely T M, Pilgram T K. et al . Dialysis access grafts: anatomic location of venous stenosis and results of angioplasty.  Radiology. 1995;  195 135-139
  • 37 Roy-Chaudhury P, Kelly B S, Miller M A. et al . Venous neointimal hyperplasia in polytetrafluoroethylene dialysis grafts.  Kidney Int. 2001;  59 2325-2334
  • 38 Robbin M L, Oser R F, Allon M. et al . Hemodialysis access graft stenosis: US detection.  Radiology. 1998;  208 655-661
  • 39 Basile C, Ruggieri G, Vernaglione L. et al . The natural history of autogenous radio-cephalic wrist arteriovenous fistulas of haemodialysis patients: a prospective observational study.  Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;  19 1231-1236
  • 40 Lazarides M K, Staramos D N, Panagopoulos G N. et al . Indications for surgical treatment of angioaccess-induced arterial “steal”.  J Am Coll Surg. 1998;  187 422-426
  • 41 Aschwanden M, Hess P, Labs K H. et al . Dialysis access-associated steal syndrome: the intraoperative use of duplex ultrasound scan.  J Vasc Surg. 2003;  37 211-213
  • 42 Hinkelmann J. Diagnosis and treatment of patients with ischemia of the upper extremities caused by a dialysis shunt.  Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2003;  128 2543-2546
  • 43 Zanow J, Petzold K, Petzold M. et al . Flow reduction in high-flow arteriovenous access using intraoperative flow monitoring.  J Vasc Surg. 2006;  44 1273-1278

Dr. Christoph Thalhammer

Angiology, University Hospital

Petersgraben 4

4031 Basel

Schweiz

Phone: ++ 41/61/2 65 51 52

Fax: ++ 41/61/2 65 53 56

Email: thalhammerc@uhbs.ch

    >