Zunehmende Verbreitung der Nephropathia epidemica in Deutschland

 

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Zusammenfassung

Die Nephropathia epidemica (NE) wird über asypmtomatisch infizierte Nagetiere auf den Menschen übertragen. Erreger dieser viralen Nierenerkrankung ist der Hantavirus-Subtyp Puumala. Andere Vertreter dieser Virusart lösen das hämorrhagischer Fieber mit renalem Syndrom (HFRS) oder das hantavirale pulmonale Syndrom (HPS) aus. Wie bei allen Zoonosen ist die Prävalenz des Virus vom Vorkommen seines Reservoirtieres abhängig. Klimatische Veränderungen haben direkte Auswirkung auf die Zahl der Wirtstiere und beeinflussen damit das Auftreten von Hantavirusinfektionen. Eine Vielzahl von Studien belegt den epidemiologischen Zusammenhang von Wetter, Nahrungsangebot, Nagerpopulation und Ausbrüchen von HFRS und HPS. Auch in Deutschland werden in den letzten Jahren steigende Fallzahlen der Nephropathia epidemica und eine massive Häufung im Jahr 2007 mit über 1600 Fällen beobachtet.

Summary

Epidemic nephropathy (EN) is transmitted to humans via rodents. The causative agent of this virus-borne renal disease is the Hantavirus Puumala. Other members of the genus Hantavirus cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantaviral pulmonary syndrome (HPS). As with all zoonoses the prevalence of the virus depends on the distribution of the reservoir species. Climate changes have direct impact on the number of host animals and influence the incidence of hantaviral infections. A number of studies demonstrate the epidemiological relationship between climate, food supply, rodent population and outbreaks of HFRS and HPS. In Germany the number of cases of EN has increased in the past few years and huge rise in the incidentce of the infection, more than 1600 cases, occurred in 2007.

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Dr. rer. nat. Ellen Krautkrämer

Nephrologie, Universitätsklinik Heidelberg

Im Neuenheimer Feld 162

69120 Heidelberg

Phone: 06221/91120

Fax: 06221/9112229

Email: ellen_krautrkaemer@med.uni-heidelberg.de