Dentofacial morphology and tongue function during swallowing

doi:10.1067/mod.2002.128865

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

Volume 122, Issue 5, November 2002, Pages 491-499

https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2002.128865 Get rights and content

Abstract

To understand the role of the tongue in the development of occlusion, we examined the relationship between tongue movements during swallowing and dentofacial morphology with ultrasonography, cephalometric radiography, and dental casts. Duration, magnitude, and speed of tongue movements were measured in 112 healthy adult volunteers and compared with their dentofacial morphology with a simple correlation analysis. The results showed that the movements of tongue during swallowing are related to dentofacial morphology, especially in the motion magnitude of the early final phase (phase IIIa), but that few correlations are found when analyzing the duration and the speed of swallowing. The results also showed that the intermaxillary vertical dimension is significantly and positively correlated with the motion magnitude of the tongue movements. Furthermore, we found that arch length increased with prolonged duration of swallowing. This study showed that the computer-aided B+M mode of ultrasonography combined with the cushion-scanning technique is a valuable tool for investigating the relationship between tongue movements during swallowing and dentofacial morphology. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;122:491-9)

Section snippets

Material and methods

One-hundred-twelve healthy volunteers (74 men, 38 women) ranging in age from 20 to 26 years (mean, 22 years) were chosen from the students and the medical staff at Taipei Medical University and the patients in the Department of Orthodontics of the University Hospital. They had no craniofacial deformities or signs of dysphagia or tongue functional disorders. Informed consent was obtained from all volunteers after a brief explanation of this study.

A noninvasive diagnostic technique,

Results

The means and standard deviations of the measurements of dentofacial morphology and the ultrasound measurements of tongue movements from the 112 subjects are shown in Tables II and III.

. Descriptive statistics of dentofacial dimension

Variable	Mean	SD	Min	Max
Component 1
SN	70.7 mm	3.4 mm	62.0 mm	79.7 mm
SAr	41.4 mm	4.1 mm	31.3 mm	51.6 mm
NSAr	122.7°	4.8°	112.4°	132.7°
Component 2
ArA	90.6 mm	5.3 mm	79.0 mm	105.2 mm
SNA	83.5°	3.5°	75.2°	91.4°
Component 3
NA	65.1 mm	3.6 mm	56.5 mm	73.0 mm
Palatal depth	27.1 mm	2.7 mm	21.0 mm	35.0 mm
AUFH

Evaluation of interrelationship between swallowing and dentofacial morphology

Results of the simple correlation analyses suggest the following trends. First, those who have greater motion magnitude of the early final phase (IIIa) during swallowing tend to have deeper palatal vaults, increased mandibular lengths, longer lower faces, larger overjets, more overerupted molars and incisors, more labially inclined maxillary incisors, decreased ANB angles and Wits appraisals, and shallow overbites. Second, those who have longer durations of swallowing appear to have increased

Conclusions

The following conclusions can be drawn from this study: (1) there are significant correlations between tongue movement during swallowing and dentofacial morphology; (2) the movements of the tongue during swallowing are related to dentofacial forms especially in the motion magnitude of the early final phase; (3) the significantly correlated cephalometric measurement items were AB, AFH, ALFH, UHF/LFH, L1-L1′, L6-L6′, and OJ; (4) the intermaxillary vertical relationship and the mandibular molar

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^*: ^aGraduate student, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate Institute of Oral Rehabilitation, College of Oral Medicine.

^**: ^bAssociate professor, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate Institute of Oral Rehabilitation, College of Oral Medicine.

^*: ^cProfessor, School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutritional Science.

^**: ^dAssociate professor, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate Institute of Oral Rehabilitation, College of Oral Medicine.

^*: Reprint requests to: Chien-Lun Peng, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate Institute of Oral Rehabilitation, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan; e-mail, [email protected].

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Original ArticleDentofacial morphology and tongue function during swallowing*,**,*,**,*

Abstract

Section snippets

Material and methods

Results

Evaluation of interrelationship between swallowing and dentofacial morphology

Conclusions

Am J Orthod

Am J Orthod

Brain Res

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop

Acad Radiol

Am J Orthod

Relationships between swallowing pattern, mode of respiration, and development of malocclusion

Angle Orthod

B-mode ultrasound scanning of the tongue during swallowing

Dentomaxillofac Radiol

Genioglossis muscle electrical activity and associated arch dimensional changes in simple tongue thrust swallow pattern

J Clin Pediatr Dent

Estimation of tongue volume from magnetic resonance imaging

Angle Orthod

Tongue thrusting

J S Calif Dent Assoc

The tongue, implicated in Class II malocclusion

J Wis Dent Soc

A preliminary study of mandibular morphology and the measurement of lingual thrusting pressures in subjects exhibiting tongue thrust swallowing and anterior open bites

Am J Orthod

Tonsils and dental abnormalities

J Am Med Assoc

The role of function in the etiology and treatment of malocclusion

Am J Orthod

Orofacial myology: current trends

Int J Orofacial Myol

Orofacial myofunctional therapy: historical and philosophical considerations

Int J Orofacial Myol

Original Article
Dentofacial morphology and tongue function during swallowing*,**,*,**,*