Platelet concentration and its effect on bone formation in calvarial defects: An experimental study in rabbits

doi:10.1067/mpr.2001.115874

The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry

Volume 86, Issue 4, October 2001, Pages 428-433

Presented at the May 1999 1st Biennial Congress of the Asian Academy of Prosthodontics in Seoul, Korea; winner of the Hiranuma Award (best oral presentation).

https://doi.org/10.1067/mpr.2001.115874 Get rights and content

Abstract

Statement of problem. The use of the platelet concentration technique is widespread in dental implant surgery. However, its effect or mechanism is not clearly understood. Purpose. This study introduced an animal model for the platelet concentration technique and evaluated its effect on bone formation with natural cancellous bovine bone mineral. Material and methods. Adult New Zealand white rabbits were used as the animal model. A density gradient medium was used to obtain a constant platelet count for the preparation of platelet concentrates. In the experimental group, natural cancellous bovine bone mineral with added platelet concentrates was grafted onto critically sized bony defects of the rabbit calvarium. Bone formation in the tissue sections was evaluated with soft x-ray imaging and computer tomography. Results. The average platelet count of the rabbit platelet concentrates was 1487 × 10³/μL (287% concentrated). In all the tested parameters, greater bone densities were obtained in grafts that were combined with platelet concentrates. Conclusion. This study showed that the rabbit is a useful animal model for studying the platelet concentration technique. When combined with grafts of natural cancellous bovine bone mineral, the technique increased bone formation. (J Prosthet Dent 2001;86:428-33.)

Section snippets

Material and methods

Twenty New Zealand white rabbits that were fed on a standard rabbit diet and weighed, on average, 3.0 ± 0.4 kg (mean ± SD) were selected as the animal model. Fresh blood treated with 8 mL acid citrate dextrose anticoagulant solution (ACD, 0.1 mL/mL) was obtained from the intermedial branch of the caudal auricular vein of the rabbits.

A constant platelet count was obtained. The degree of selective purification of cell populations from the blood affects the validity of subsequent experimental

Results

The platelet counts of each rabbit yielded a mean value of 5.18 ± 0.16 × 10⁵/μL (502,000/μL to 534,000/μL). The mean platelet count of the platelet concentrates was 1.49 ± 0.35 × 10⁶ (1,141,000/μL to 1,632,000/μL). Thus, a 287% increase in platelet count was observed (Table I).

. Platelet count: 287% increase (×10³/μL)

Baseline	Platelet concentrates
518	1487
(502-534)	(1141-1632)

The soft x-ray images showed greater radiopaque and mature bone formation in the experimental group (treated with platelet

Discussion

Rabbits are useful animal models for the preparation of platelet concentrates. Generally, the platelets of human and various mammalians (including rabbits) have a similar ultrastructure and constituents.9, 10 Advantages of using a rabbit as an animal model include the following: (1) easy manipulation, (2) sufficient volume of blood for the preparation of platelet concentrates, (3) survival of platelets similar to the metabolic activity of bone (one third of human), and (4) a high

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the rabbit is a useful animal model for evaluating the effect of platelet concentrates. The gradient medium allowed (1) a large number of functionally viable platelets to be purified reproducibly in a relatively short time, and (2) the use of a low centrifugal speed. Further investigation into the effect of platelet concentrates should be undertaken.

Supplementary Files

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^☆: This work was supported by the Korean Science and Engineering Federation through the Intellectual Biointerface Engineering Center at Seoul National University.

^☆☆: ^aAssistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital.

^★: ^bProsthodontist, private practice, Taejeon, Korea.

^★★: ^cProfessor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Craniofacial Tissue Engineering Laboratory of BK 21 Human Life Science and the Intellectual Biointerface Engineering Center, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University.

^♢: Reprint requests to: Dr Pill-Hoon Choung, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 28-2 Yeongun-Dong, Chongro-Ku, Seoul, KOREA, Fax: (82)2-745-3477, E-mail: [email protected]

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Platelet concentration and its effect on bone formation in calvarial defects: An experimental study in rabbits☆,☆☆,★,★★,♢

Abstract

Section snippets

Material and methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusions

Supplementary Files

J Oral Maxillofac Surg

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod

Osteonectin is an alpha-granule component involved with thrombospondin in platelet aggregation

J Bone Miner Res

Platelets contribute to circulating levels of bone sialoprotein in human

J Bone Miner Res

A rapid method to isolate platelets from human blood by density gradient centrifugation

Am J Clin Pathol