Original ArticlesAcromial morphotype in the young asymptomatic athletic shoulder*
Section snippets
Materials and methods
One hundred asymptomatic male Division 1 collegiate athletes ranging in age from 18 to 26 years (mean, 19.9 years) volunteered for this study. None of these athletes had a history of any type of shoulder symptom, pathology, or history of shoulder surgery. Bilateral standardized supraspinatus outlet radiographs were obtained for each subject.11, 14 All radiographs were taken by the same radiographer with the subject standing erect, facing the film, with the hand of the examined shoulder placed
Results
The subjective interpretation and Bigliani classification of all shoulder supraspinatus outlet views are shown in Table I.Empty Cell Right shoulder Left shoulder Total Type I 15 13 28 (14%) Type II 82 86 168 (84%) Type III 3 1 4 (2%)
Discussion
The relation between the anatomy of the acromion and chronic impingement syndrome was first popularized by Neer.13 He stated that extrinsic impingement by the anterior undersurface of the acromion could affect the rotator cuff. Based on his vast clinical experience, he believed that 95% of rotator cuff tears were the result of mechanical impingement caused by movement of the cuff relative to the anterior acromion. Other authors, beginning with Codman,5 have contended that rotator cuff tears
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Is Bony Morphology and Morphometry Associated With Degenerative Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
2019, Arthroscopy - Journal of Arthroscopic and Related SurgeryCitation Excerpt :The meta-analysis showed that hook-shaped acromion (type III) was indicative of a higher risk for rotator cuff tears. Previous studies have indicated that, rather than having a congenital origin, a type III acromion may be acquired progressively due to mechanical traction that, in turn, can lead to degenerative bone changes.80-82 Furthermore, acromion shape is more related to its anterior slope, which has no direct relationship with the rotator cuff.
Rotator cuff tear incidence association with critical shoulder angle and subacromial osteophytes
2019, Journal of Shoulder and Elbow SurgeryMagnetic Resonance Imaging of Rotator Cuff Disease and External Impingement
2012, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :These enthesophytes create an extended, more rigid, anterior lip of the acromion process but do not by themselves indent the supraspinatus tendon. The prevalence of the type 3 acromion process has also been shown to increase with age.55,56 The association with rotator cuff tears could have occurred because cuff tears are also more common with increasing age or because these enthesophytes are more likely to develop in patients with rotator cuff tears.
Mechanisms of rotator cuff tendinopathy: Intrinsic, extrinsic, or both?
2011, Clinical BiomechanicsCitation Excerpt :These findings were similar to those of Wang et al., who found 89% of patients with type I acromion had a successful response, 73% with type II, and 58.3% of type III (Wang et al., 2000). Whether acromial shape is congenital (Nicholson et al., 1996) or acquired with age (Bonsell et al., 2000; Edelson, 1995; Speer et al., 2001; Wang and Shapiro, 1997) remains controversial. Moreover, the acromial shape classification has been questioned because of poor interobserver reliability (Jacobson et al., 1995; Zuckerman et al., 1997).
Regarding "Apoptosis in the supraspinatus tendon with stage II subacromial impingement"
2009, Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
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Reprint requests: Kevin P. Speer, MD, Cary Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Specialists, 101 Southwest Cary Parkway, Suite 100, Cary, NC 27511 (E-mail: [email protected]).