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Bioassay and biochemical analyses of insecticide resistance in southern African Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

B.D. Brooke ,
G. Kloke ,
R.H. Hunt ,
L.L. Koekemoer ,
E.A. Tem ,
M.E. Taylor ,
G. Small ,
J. Hemingway  and
M. Coetzee
B.D. Brooke*
Affiliation:
Medical Entomology, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases School of Pathology of the South African Institute for Medical Research and the University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 1038, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
G. Kloke
Affiliation:
Foray Consultants, 20 Melmoth Road, Eshowe, South Africa
R.H. Hunt
Affiliation:
Department of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
L.L. Koekemoer
Affiliation:
Medical Entomology, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases School of Pathology of the South African Institute for Medical Research and the University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 1038, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
E.A. Tem
Affiliation:
Medical Entomology, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases School of Pathology of the South African Institute for Medical Research and the University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 1038, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
M.E. Taylor
Affiliation:
Medical Entomology, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases School of Pathology of the South African Institute for Medical Research and the University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 1038, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
G. Small
Affiliation:
School of Biosciences, University of Wales, Cardiff, UK
J. Hemingway
Affiliation:
School of Biosciences, University of Wales, Cardiff, UK
M. Coetzee
Affiliation:
Medical Entomology, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases School of Pathology of the South African Institute for Medical Research and the University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 1038, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
*
*Fax: +27 11 489 9399 E-mail: basilb@mail.saimr.wits.ac.za
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Abstract

Anopheles funestus Giles has been implicated as a major malaria vector in sub-Saharan Africa where pyrethroid insecticides are widely used in agriculture and public health. Samples of this species from northern Kwazulu/Natal in South Africa and the Beluluane region of southern Mozambique showed evidence of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Insecticide exposure, synergist and biochemical assays conducted on A. funestus suggested that elevated levels of mixed function oxidases were responsible for the detoxification of pyrethroids in resistant mosquitoes in these areas. The data suggested that this mechanism was also conferring cross-resistance to the carbamate insecticide propoxur.

Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 91 , Issue 4 , August 2001 , pp. 265 - 272
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2001

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