Inflammatory Blockade Improves Human Pancreatic Islet Function and Viability

The pathogenesis of pancreatic β -cell death in diabetes mellitus is still under investigation. Inflammation is likely to be one of the factors responsible for β -cell death during disease development. In this study, we have used a novel antiinflammatory compound, Lisofylline (LSF), to investigate the role of inflammatory blockade in protecting human pancreatic islets. LSF is a small synthetic molecule that reduces inflammatory cytokine production and action, improves β -cell mitochondrial metabolism, and regulates immune activities. The present study has demonstrated that the treatment of human islets with LSF not only allows the retention of glucose responsiveness and insulin secretion in the presence of multiple proinflammatory cytokines, but also enhances basal insulin secretion of β cells in vitro. LSF also significantly reduces islet apoptosis, protects β cells from proinflammatory cytokine damage, and maintains cellular viability. In a mouse transplantation model, insulin independence could be reached in diabetic recipient mice by implantation of 30% fewer islets when LSF was used in islet culture compared to the control group. These results demonstrate that LSF profoundly enhances β -cell function, and suggest the potential of using inflammatory blockade, such as LSF, to improve β -cell function for islet transplantation.