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Early Palaeolithic bone diagenesis in the Arago cave at Tautavel, France

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

L. Quattropani ,
L. Charlet ,
H. de Lumley  and
M. Menu
L. Quattropani
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Recherche des Musées de France, CNRS-UMR 171, 6 rue des Pyramides, F-75041 Paris Cedex 01, France
L. Charlet
Affiliation:
Groupe de Géochimie de l'Environnement, L.G.I.T., CNRS-UMR C5559, Université de Grenoble I (UJF), B.P. 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
H. de Lumley
Affiliation:
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 rue René Panhard, F-75013 Paris, France
M. Menu
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Recherche des Musées de France, CNRS-UMR 171, 6 rue des Pyramides, F-75041 Paris Cedex 01, France
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Abstract

Bones from level G in the Arago cave (Tautavel, Southern France, 450 ky) were analysed using a combination of particle induced X-ray and gamma-ray emission (PIXE and PIGME) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Human occupation and guano production by bats introduced a large amount of phosphate into the cave and as a result a decarbonated pocket was formed in the sediment, characterized by the dissolution of clay minerals, calcite and bones, and by the precipitation of phosphate secondary minerals. The Al released by clay minerals was reprecipitated as crandallite in the few remaining bones, and as montgomeryite with traces of crandallite in the surrounding sediments. Bones within the pocket have very high levels of Al, Fe, F and Zn and often have ‘diffusive’ type U-shaped concentration profiles. These profiles show that post-mortem uptake of trace elements occurred, and thus that trace element composition has to be used with care in palaeonutritional studies but is indicative of local palaeoenvironment. This uptake is complicated by a large increase in hydroxylapatite crystallinity in Palaeolithic bones compared to modern or more recent ones, as a result of the large P influx which occurred in the Arago cave after the sediment deposition.

Keywords

bone diagenesisTautavelPIXEPIGMEXRDapatitecrandallitemontgomeryite
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 63 , Issue 6 , December 1999 , pp. 801 - 812
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1999

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Footnotes

*

Current address: Institut de Physique, Université de Fribourg, Pérolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland

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