Background
Methods
Study population
Measures
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics | Survivors (N = 3,803) | Decedents (N = 456) | p * |
---|---|---|---|
Gender, female | 53.2 | 32.2 | < 0.001 |
Age, years | 47.0 (34.2; 60.4) | 70.3 (63.4; 76.2) | < 0.001 |
Physical component scale (PCS-12) | 48.1 (44.2; 50.3) | 43.9 (39.1; 48.8) | < 0.001 |
Mental component scale (MCS-12) | 44.4 (40.7; 47.6) | 46.1 (41.6; 50.2) | < 0.001 |
General health, % | < 0.001 | ||
very good & good | 18.7 | 5.3 | |
fair | 64.5 | 53.7 | |
poor & very poor | 16.8 | 41.0 | |
Civil status (cohabiting), % | 76.3 | 67.4 | < 0.001 |
Educational level, % | < 0.001 | ||
< 10 y | 35.5 | 75.3 | |
= 10 y | 48.3 | 17.6 | |
> 10 y | 16.2 | 7.1 | |
Occupational status, % | < 0.001 | ||
Worker | 15.7 | 2.9 | |
Employee | 32.4 | 4.4 | |
Academic/self-employed | 5.9 | 1.8 | |
No paid job | 46.0 | 90.9 | |
Household income, € | 949.0 (636.8; 1214.3) | 970.5 (703.0; 1175.0) | 0.464 |
Smoking status, % | < 0.001 | ||
Never | 36.1 | 32.2 | |
Former | 32.8 | 42.9 | |
Current | 31.1 | 24.9 | |
Subject's medical history, % | |||
Hypertension | 20.8 | 46.2 | < 0.001 |
Myocardial infarction | 2.6 | 9.6 | < 0.001 |
Stroke | 1.6 | 8.1 | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 4.8 | 20.2 | < 0.001 |
Riskful alcohol consumption, % | 14.8 | 12.2 | 0.137 |
Physically active, % | 44.1 | 24.5 | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference, cm | 88.1 (78.0; 98.2) | 97.2 (89.0; 104.2) | < 0.001 |
Food consumption, % | < 0.001 | ||
Unfavorable | 35.4 | 48.1 | |
Regular | 22.5 | 27.1 | |
Optimal | 42.1 | 24.8 | |
High sensitive C-reactive protein, mg/l | 1.25 (0.62; 2.90) | 2.48 (1.17; 5.59) | < 0.001 |
Fibrinogen, g/l | 2.83 (2.50; 3.33) | 3.25 (2.76; 3.80) | < 0.001 |
Glycated hemoglobin, % | 5.3 (4.9; 5,7) | 5.8 (5.3; 6,4) | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 5.66 (4.91; 6.47) | 5.89 (5.15; 6.55) | 0.009 |
Triglycerides, mmol/l | 1.45 (0.99; 2.22) | 1.74 (1.24; 2.68) | < 0.001 |
Albumin (urine), mg/l | 7.5 (4.2; 15.2) | 12.1 (6.1; 33.6) | < 0.001 |
Gamma glutamyltransferase, μmol/L s | 0.33 (0.23; 0.55) | 0.40 (0.27; 0.76) | < 0.001 |
Glomerular filtration rate, ml/min | 75.3 (66.7; 84.1) | 66.8 (56.8; 78.4) | < 0.001 |
Thyrotropin, mU/l | 0.67 (0.45; 0.98) | 0.59 (0.36; 0.91) | < 0.001 |
Insulin-like growth factor-I, ng/ml | 136.0 (105.2; 174.4) | 107.5 (82.6; 142.2) | < 0.001 |
PCS-12 in quartiles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
1. Quartile | 2. Quartile | 3. Quartile | 4. Quartile | |
N | 1,054 | 1,065 | 1,021 | 1,119 |
Person-years | 9,715 | 10,416 | 9,945 | 11,102 |
Number of Deaths (crude incidence rate per 1000 person-years) | 221 (22.7) | 93 (8.9) | 81 (8.1) | 61 (5.5) |
MCS-12 in quartiles
| ||||
1. Quartile
|
2. Quartile
|
3. Quartile
|
4. Quartile
| |
N | 1,070 | 1,103 | 1,023 | 1,063 |
Person-years | 10,458 | 10,799 | 9964 | 9959 |
Number of Deaths (crude incidence rate per 1000 person-years) | 96 (9.2) | 90 (8.3) | 97 (9.7) | 173 (17.4) |
PCS-12 in quartiles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
(Ref.: highest quartile) | min/43.6 | 43.6/47.5 | 47.5/50.1 | p for Trend |
Model 1: adjusted for age & gender | 1.75 (1.31; 2.33) * | 1.12 (0.81; 1.55) | 1.07 (0.77; 1.49) | < 0.001 |
Model 1 + socio-demographic factors a
| 1.63 (1.22; 2.17) * | 1.08 (0.78; 1.50) | 1.03 (0.74; 1.44) | < 0.001 |
Model 1 + behavioral factors b
| 1.78 (1.33; 2.40) * | 1.13 (0.81; 1.58) | 1.08 (0.77; 1.52) | < 0.001 |
Model 1 + comorbidities c
| 1.60 (1.19; 2.14) * | 1.08 (0.77; 1.49) | 1.03 (0.74; 1.45) | < 0.001 |
Model 1 + biomarker panel d
| 1.64 (1.19; 2.27) * | 1.08 (0.75; 1.55) | 1.08 (0.75; 1.56) | < 0.001 |
MCS-12 in quartiles
| ||||
min/40.8
|
40.8/44.4
|
44.4/48.0
|
p for Trend
| |
Model 1: adjusted for age & gender | 0.97 (0.75; 1.24) | 0.91 (0.70; 1.17) | 0.84 (0.65; 1.08) | 0.759 |
Model 1 + socio-demographic factors a
| 0.98 (0.76; 1.26) | 0.98 (0.75; 1.26) | 0.87 (0.68; 1.12) | 0.944 |
Model 1 + behavioral factors b
| 1.06 (0.82; 1.37) | 0.95 (0.73; 1.23) | 0.88 (0.68; 1.13) | 0.707 |
Model 1 + comorbidities c
| 0.96 (0.74; 1.23) | 0.92 (0.71; 1.19) | 0.87 (0.68; 1.12) | 0.689 |
Model 1 + biomarker panel d
| 0.97 (0.74; 1.28) | 0.93 (0.70; 1.23) | 0.85 (0.65; 1.12) | 0.840 |
SRH in categories | ||
---|---|---|
(Ref.: subjects rating SRH "very good" or "good") | "fair" | "poor & very poor" |
Model 1: adjusted for age & gender | 1.23 (0.81; 1.88) | 2.07 (1.34; 3.20) * |
Model 1 + socio-demographic factors a
| 1.17 (0.76; 1.78) | 1.88 (1.21; 2.90) * |
Model 1 + behavioral factors b
| 1.16 (0.75; 1.80) | 2.00 (1.28; 3.12) * |
Model 1 + comorbidities c
| 1.18 (0.77; 1.81) | 1.87 (1.20; 2.91) * |
Model 1 + biomarker panel d
| 1.11 (0.70; 1.75) | 1.63 (1.02; 2.62) * |