Background
Methods
Data source and study population
Coding of diseases
Outcomes and variables
Statistical analysis
Ethical considerations
Results
Female | Male | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age groups | ICPC | Chronic diseases | Prevalence (%, CI) | ICPC | Acute diseases | Cumulative incidence (%, CI) | ICPC | Chronic diseases | Prevalence (%, CI) | ICPC | Acute diseases | Cumulative incidence (%, CI) |
19-24 | P74 | Anxiety disorder/anxiety state | 8.4 (8.2-8.7) | R74 | Upper respiratory infection acute | 9.1 (8.9-9.3) | S96 | Acne | 7.7 (7.5-7.9) | R74 | Upper respiratory infection acute | 6.9 (6.7-7.1) |
S96 | Acne | 7.8 (7.6-8.0) | R76 | Tonsillitis acute | 4.4 (4.3-4.6) | R96 | Asthma | 6.0 (5.8-6.2) | R76 | Tonsillitis acute | 3.4 (3.3-3.6) | |
R96 | Asthma | 5.4 (5.2-5.6) | U71 | Cystitis/urinary infection other | 4.1 (4.0-4.3) | P74 | Anxiety disorder/anxiety state | 3.9 (3.7-4.0) | D73 | Gastroenteritis presumed infection | 2.9 (2.8-3.0) | |
T82 | Obesity | 5.0 (4.8-5.1) | D82 | Teeth/gum disease | 3.7 (3.5-3.8) | T82 | Obesity | 3.4 (3.3-3.6) | D82 | Teeth/gum disease | 2.5 (2.4-2.7) | |
L85 | Acquired deformity of spine | 4.6 (4.4-4.8) | D73 | Gastroenteritis presumed infection | 3.6 (3.5-3.8) | L85 | Acquired deformity of spine | 3.1 (3.0-3.2) | S16 | Bruise/contusion | 2.3 (2.2-2.4) | |
25-44 | P74 | Anxiety disorder/anxiety state | 12.2 (12.1-12.3) | R74 | Upper respiratory infection acute | 7.8 (7.7-7.9) | T93 | Lipid disorder | 7.3 (7.2-7.4) | R74 | Upper respiratory infection acute | 5.9 (5.8-5.9) |
P76 | Depressive disorder | 8.8 (8.7-8.9) | L03 | Low back symptom/complaint | 3.4 (3.3-3.5) | P74 | Anxiety disorder/anxiety state | 6.5 (6.4-6.6) | D73 | Gastroenteritis presumed infection | 2.4 (2.4-2.5) | |
T82 | Obesity | 6.8 (6.7-6.9) | U71 | Cystitis/urinary infection other | 2.9 (2.8-2.9) | T82 | Obesity | 4.4 (4.4-4.5) | L03 | Low back symptom/complaint | 2.4 (2.3-2.4) | |
T93 | Lipid disorder | 5.0 (4.9-5.0) | D73 | Gastroenteritis presumed infection | 2.8 (2.8-2.9) | P76 | Depressive disorder | 3.7 (3.7-3.8) | D82 | Teeth/gum disease | 2.1 (2.1-2.2) | |
N89 | Migraine | 4.9 (4.8-4.9) | R76 | Tonsillitis acute | 2.6 (2.6-2.7) | L86 | Back syndrome with radiating pain | 3.5 (3.4-3.5) | R76 | Tonsillitis acute | 1.8 (1.8-1.9) | |
45-64 | T93 | Lipid disorder | 28.4 (28.2-28.5) | R74 | Upper respiratory infection acute | 7.0 (6.9-7.1) | T93 | Lipid disorder | 29.9 (29.7-30.1) | R74 | Upper respiratory infection acute | 4.8 (4.7-4.9) |
K86 | Hypertension uncomplicated | 21.2 (21.1-21.4) | L03 | Low back symptom/complaint | 3.2 (3.1-3.3) | K86 | Hypertension uncomplicated | 24.6 (24.4-24.7) | L03 | Low back symptom/complaint | 2.6 (2.5-2.7) | |
P76 | Depressive disorder | 18.9 (18.8-19.1) | U71 | Cystitis/urinary infection other | 2.9 (2.8-3.0) | T82 | Obesity | 10.9 (10.8-11.0) | R78 | Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis | 2.0 (2.0-2.1) | |
T82 | Obesity | 15.7 (15.6-15.9) | R78 | Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis | 2.8 (2.7-2.9) | T90 | Diabetes non-insulin dependent | 10.3 (10.2-10.5) | D82 | Teeth/gum disease | 2.0 (2.0-2.1) | |
P74 | Anxiety disorder/anxiety state | 13.5 (13.4-13.6) | L20 | Joint symptom/complaint NOS | 2.6 (2.6-2.7) | L86 | Back syndrome with radiating pain | 7.6 (7.5-7.7) | H81 | Excessive ear wax | 1.9 (1.9-2.0) | |
65-79 | K86 | Hypertension uncomplicated | 60.3 (60.0-60.6) | R74 | Upper respiratory infection acute | 7.2 (7.1-7.3) | K86 | Hypertension uncomplicated | 56.2 (55.9-56.5) | R74 | Upper respiratory infection acute | 6.4 (6.2-6.5) |
T93 | Lipid disorder | 52.4 (52.1-52.7) | U71 | Cystitis/urinary infection other | 4.3 (4.2-4.4) | T93 | Lipid disorder | 44.6 (44.3-44.9) | H81 | Excessive ear wax | 3.9 (3.8-4.0) | |
T82 | Obesity | 24.9 (24.7-25.1) | R78 | Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis | 3.8 (3.7-3.9) | Y85 | Benign prostatic hypertrophy | 28.4 (28.1-28.7) | R78 | Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis | 3.5 (3.4-3.6) | |
L95 | Osteoporosis | 22.8 (22.5-23.0) | H81 | Excessive ear wax | 3.0 (2.9-3.1) | T90 | Diabetes non-insulin dependent | 25.6 (25.4-25.9) | D82 | Teeth/gum disease | 2.4 (2.3-2.5) | |
P76 | Depressive disorder | 22.3 (22.1-22.5) | L03 | Low back symptom/complaint | 2.8 (2.7-2.9) | T82 | Obesity | 15.4 (15.2-15.6) | L03 | Low back symptom/complaint | 2.3 (2.2-2.4) | |
80+ | K86 | Hypertension uncomplicated | 73.1 (72.7-73.4) | R74 | Upper respiratory infection acute | 5.1 (4.9-5.2) | K86 | Hypertension uncomplicated | 63.4 (62.9-63.9) | H81 | Excessive ear wax | 5.8 (5.6-6.1) |
T93 | Lipid disorder | 44.5 (44.1-44.9) | U71 | Cystitis/urinary infection other | 5.0 (4.9-5.2) | Y85 | Benign prostatic hypertrophy | 37.3 (36.8-37.8) | R74 | Upper respiratory infection acute | 5.4 (5.1-5.6) | |
L91 | Osteoarthrosis other | 25.7 (25.4-26.1) | R78 | Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis | 4.5 (4.4-4.7) | T93 | Lipid disorder | 35.0 (34.5-35.5) | R78 | Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis | 4.9 (4.7-5.2) | |
F92 | Cataract | 23.5 (23.2-23.8) | H81 | Excessive ear wax | 4.2 (4.0-4.4) | T90 | Diabetes non-insulin dependent | 25.4 (24.9-25.9) | S18 | Laceration/cut | 3.8 (3.6-4.0) | |
T90 | Diabetes non-insulin dependent | 22.8 (22.5-23.1) | S18 | Laceration/cut | 3.4 (3.3-3.6) | F92 | Cataract | 21.9 (21.4-22.3) | U71 | Cystitis/urinary infection other | 2.7 (2.6-2.9) |
Female | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19-24 | 25-44 | 45-64 | 65-79 | ≥80 | ||||||
MM | Non-MM | MM | Non-MM | MM | Non-MM | MM | Non-MM | MM | Non-MM | |
n = 12,804 (19.0%) | n = 54,700 (81.0%) | n = 105,463 (29.4%) | n = 253,771 (70.6%) | n = 167,778 (63.3%) | n = 97,089 (36.7%) | n = 119,528 (90.2%) | n = 13,021 (9.8%) | n = 58,533 (92.1%) | n = 5,021 (7.9%) | |
Number of acute diseases | ||||||||||
Median (IQR)
|
1 (0–2)
|
0 (0–1)
|
1 (0–2)
|
0 (0–1)
|
1 (0-2)
|
0 (0–1)
|
1 (0–1)
|
0 (0–0)
|
0 (0–1)
|
0 (0–0)
|
0 | 36.4 | 55.3 | 40.2 | 60.3 | 44.8 | 68.2 | 47.7 | 78.0 | 51.5 | 82.3 |
1 | 26.8 | 23.7 | 27.1 | 22.3 | 27.6 | 19.4 | 27.4 | 14.9 | 26.2 | 12.3 |
2 | 16.9 | 11.6 | 16.1 | 10.2 | 14.7 | 7.8 | 13.7 | 4.9 | 12.7 | 3.7 |
≥3 | 19.9 | 9.4 | 16.6 | 7.2 | 12.9 | 4.6 | 11.2 | 2.3 | 9.7 | 1.8 |
Living in a rural area | 14.4 | 14.9 | 15.3 | 15.1 | 15.4 | 16.7 | 15.4 | 17.6 | 18.4 | 18.7 |
Number of visits | ||||||||||
Median (IQR)
|
6 (3–10)
|
2 (0–5)
|
6 (3–11)
|
2 (0–5)
|
8 (4–13)
|
2 (0–5)
|
11 (7–18)
|
2 (0–5)
|
14 (8–24)
|
1 (0–7)
|
0 | 8.8 | 28.4 | 9.8 | 34.2 | 5.8 | 38.3 | 2.6 | 38.9 | 3.0 | 40.4 |
1-2 | 15.4 | 24.4 | 14.7 | 22.9 | 10.4 | 21.6 | 4.4 | 18.6 | 4.2 | 16.2 |
3-5 | 25.0 | 23.6 | 23.1 | 21.5 | 20.5 | 20.1 | 11.9 | 18.0 | 9.1 | 14.0 |
6-10 | 27.1 | 15.8 | 26.7 | 14.5 | 28.7 | 13.5 | 26.5 | 15.5 | 20.4 | 13.4 |
≥11 | 23.6 | 7.8 | 25.7 | 6.9 | 34.6 | 6.4 | 54.7 | 9.0 | 63.4 | 16.0 |
Male
| ||||||||||
19-24
|
25-44
|
45-64
|
65-79
|
≥80
| ||||||
MM
|
Non-MM
|
MM
|
Non-MM
|
MM
|
Non-MM
|
MM
|
Non-MM
|
MM
|
Non-MM
| |
n = 8,916 (12.9%)
|
n = 60,373 (87.1%)
|
n = 75,556 (19.5%)
|
n = 311,124 (80.5%)
|
n = 139,776 (54.0%)
|
n = 119,008 (46.0%)
|
n = 97,044 (86.9%)
|
n = 14,584 (13.1%)
|
n = 32,773 (92.0%)
|
n = 2,948 (8.0%)
| |
Number of acute diseases | ||||||||||
Median (IQR)
|
1 (0–1)
|
0 (0–1)
|
0 (0–1)
|
0 (0–1)
|
0 (0–1)
|
0 (0–1)
|
0 (0–1)
|
0 (0–0)
|
0 (0–1)
|
0 (0–0)
|
0 | 49.0 | 64.6 | 50.8 | 68.1 | 55.3 | 74.0 | 53.2 | 76.4 | 52.0 | 78.9 |
1 | 26.1 | 21.7 | 26.4 | 20.0 | 26.0 | 17.3 | 26.9 | 16.0 | 27.1 | 13.7 |
2 | 13.7 | 8.4 | 12.8 | 7.6 | 11.3 | 5.9 | 12.0 | 5.3 | 11.9 | 4.6 |
≥3 | 11.1 | 5.2 | 10.0 | 4.4 | 7.4 | 2.8 | 8.0 | 2.3 | 8.9 | 2.8 |
Living in a rural area | 15.0 | 15.1 | 15.6 | 15.3 | 17.3 | 17.5 | 16.7 | 18.8 | 21.3 | 21.5 |
Number of visits | ||||||||||
Median (IQR)
|
4 (1–8)
|
1 (0–4)
|
5 (2–9)
|
1 (0–3)
|
6 (3–12)
|
1 (0–3)
|
11 (6–17)
|
2 (0–6)
|
14 (8–24)
|
2 (0–8)
|
0 | 15.0 | 38.7 | 14.2 | 43.8 | 8.9 | 46.1 | 2.8 | 36.0 | 2.3 | 35.2 |
1-2 | 21.6 | 26.3 | 18.4 | 24.0 | 13.4 | 21.7 | 5.3 | 19.4 | 3.5 | 16.3 |
3-5 | 26.1 | 19.8 | 24.4 | 18.0 | 22.1 | 17.1 | 13.4 | 18.8 | 8.8 | 15.5 |
6-10 | 22.5 | 10.8 | 23.2 | 10.0 | 26.9 | 10.3 | 28.1 | 16.1 | 20.8 | 14.2 |
≥11 | 14.8 | 4.4 | 19.8 | 4.2 | 28.7 | 4.7 | 50.4 | 9.7 | 64.5 | 18.8 |
Female | Male | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age groups | ICPC 2 code | Acute diseases | MM CI | Non-MM CI | Risk ratio | 95% confidence interval | ICPC 2 code | Acute diseases | MM CI* | Non-MM CI | Risk ratio | 95% confidence interval |
(%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | |||||||||
19-24 | R74 | Upper respiratory infection, acute | 16.2 | 8.8 |
1.10
|
(1.04-1.16)
| R74 | Upper respiratory infection, acute | 11.9 | 7.0 | 0.96 | (0.89-1.03) |
R76 | Tonsillitis, acute | 6.7 | 4.3 | 0.94 | (0.86-1.02) | R76 | Tonsillitis, acute | 5.5 | 3.4 | 0.92 | (0.83-1.02) | |
U71 | Cystitis/urinary infection, other | 6.3 | 4.1 |
0.85
|
(0.78-0.93)
| D73 | Gastroenteritis, presumed infection | 4.8 | 2.8 | 0.93 | (0.83-1.04) | |
D82 | Teeth/gum disease | 6.2 | 3.6 |
1.14
|
(1.04-1.25)
| D82 | Teeth/gum disease | 4.3 | 2.7 |
0.63
|
(0.44-0.89)
| |
D73 | Gastroenteritis, presumed infection | 6.3 | 3.4 | 1.06 | (0.97-1.16) | S16 | Bruise/contusion | 3.2 | 2.4 |
0.75
|
(0.66-0.86)
| |
25-44 | R74 | Upper respiratory infection, acute | 12.8 | 6.9 | 1.01 | (0.98-1.03) | R74 | Upper respiratory infection, acute | 9.9 | 5.7 |
0.85
|
(0.82-0.87)
|
L03 | Low back symptom/complaint | 4.4 | 3.1 |
0.73
|
(0.71-0.76)
| D73 | Gastroenteritis, presumed infection | 3.8 | 2.3 |
0.79
|
(0.76-0.83)
| |
U71 | Cystitis/urinary infection other | 4.4 | 2.6 |
0.86
|
(0.83-0.90)
| L03 | Low back symptom/complaint | 3.5 | 2.2 |
0.75
|
(0.71-0.78)
| |
D73 | Gastroenteritis presumed infection | 4.3 | 2.5 |
0.90
|
(0.87-0.94)
| D82 | Teeth/gum disease | 3.5 | 2.2 |
0.82
|
(0.72-0.93)
| |
R76 | Tonsillitis, acute | 3.6 | 2.5 | 1.08 | (0.91-1.29) | R76 | Tonsillitis, acute | 2.4 | 1.8 |
0.69
|
(0.65-0.73)
| |
45-64 | R74 | Upper respiratory infection, acute | 9.7 | 4.5 |
0.92
|
(0.88-0.95)
| R74 | Upper respiratory infection, acute | 6.7 | 3.4 |
0.79
|
(0.76-0.82)
|
L03 | Low back symptom/complaint | 3.9 | 2.1 |
0.78
|
(0.74-0.82)
| L03 | Low back symptom/complaint | 3.2 | 2.1 |
0.58
|
(0.55-0.62)
| |
U71 | Cystitis/urinary infection, other | 4.0 | 1.7 |
0.86
|
(0.81-0.92)
| R78 | Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis | 3.0 | 1.3 |
0.86
|
(0.80-0.92)
| |
R78 | Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis | 3.9 | 1.6 | 0.95 | (0.89-1.01) | D82 | Teeth/gum disease | 2.9 | 1.6 |
0.83
|
(0.70-0.98)
| |
L20 | Joint symptom/complaint NOS | 3.3 | 1.5 | 0.97 | (0.82-1.15) | H81 | Excessive ear wax | 2.5 | 1.4 |
0.74
|
(0.69-0.78)
| |
65-79 | R74 | Upper respiratory infection, acute | 8.4 | 3.2 | 0.92 | (0.70-1.20) | R74 | Upper respiratory infection, acute | 7.6 | 3.3 | 0.93 | (0.84-1.03) |
U71 | Cystitis/urinary infection other | 5.1 | 1.4 | 1.09 | (0.91-1.30) | H81 | Excessive ear wax | 4.4 | 2.3 |
0.74
|
(0.65-0.83)
| |
R78 | Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis | 4.5 | 1.3 | 0.71 | (0.36-1.39) | R78 | Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis | 4.2 | 1.5 | 0.99 | (0.85-1.14) | |
H81 | Excessive ear wax | 3.3 | 1.2 | 0.88 | (0.74-1.04) | D82 | Teeth/gum disease | 2.9 | 1.2 |
1.31
|
(1.10-1.57)
| |
L03 | Low back symptom/complaint | 3.0 | 1.1 | 0.76 | (0.54-1.07) | L03 | Low back symptom/complaint | 2.5 | 1.1 | 0.87 | (0.73-1.03) | |
80+ | R74 | Upper respiratory infection, acute | 5.8 | 1.5 |
1.47
|
(1.16-1.86)
| H81 | Excessive ear wax | 6.5 | 2.7 | 0.98 | (0.77-1.24) |
U71 | Cystitis/urinary infection, other | 5.9 | 1.5 |
1.40
|
(1.10-1.78)
| R74 | Upper respiratory infection, acute | 6.2 | 2.0 | 1.29 | (0.98-1.70) | |
R78 | Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis | 5.3 | 2.0 | 0.99 | (0.80-1.23) | R78 | Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis | 5.7 | 2.0 | 1.06 | (0.80-1.40) | |
H81 | Excessive ear wax | 4.7 | 1.3 |
1.34
|
(1.04-1.73)
| S18 | Laceration/cut | 4.3 | 2 |
0.75
|
(0.57-0.99)
| |
S18 | Laceration/cut | 3.9 | 1.6 |
0.78
|
(0.61-0.99)
| U71 | Cystitis/urinary infection, other | 3.0 | 1.5 | 0.73 | (0.53-1.01) |
Female | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19-24 | 25-44 | 45-64 | 65-79 | 80+ | |||||||||||
OR | 95% CI | P-value | OR | 95% CI | P-value | OR | 95% CI | P-value | OR | 95% CI | P-value | OR | 95% CI | P-value | |
Number of acute diseases(ref.0)
| 0.030 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
1 | 0.94 | 0.89-0.99 | 0.88 | 0.86-0.90 | 0.82 | 0.80-0.84 | 0.98 | 0.92-1.03 | 1.16 | 1.05-1.28 | |||||
2 | 0.95 | 0.89-1.01 | 0.86 | 0.83-0.88 | 0.76 | 0.73-0.78 | 1.05 | 0.96-1.15 | 1.54 | 1.31-1.80 | |||||
≥3 | 1.02 | 0.95-1.09 | 0.89 | 0.87-0.92 | 0.78 | 0.75-0.81 | 1.29 | 1.14-1.46 | 1.99 | 1.59-2.47 | |||||
Rural area (ref. urban)
| 0.94 | 0.89-0.99 | 0.025 | 0.94 | 0.92-0.96 | <0.001 | 0.80 | 0.78-0.82 | <0.001 | 0.69 | 0.65-0.73 | <0.001 | 0.76 | 0.70-0.83 | <0.001 |
Number of visits (ref. 0)
| <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
1-2 | 2.09 | 1.93-2.26 | 2.34 | 2.28-2.14 | 3.40 | 3.30-3.51 | 3.62 | 3.38-3.87 | 3.41 | 3.08-3.78 | |||||
3-5 | 3.52 | 3.25-3.80 | 4.04 | 3.93-4.15 | 7.54 | 7.31-7.77 | 10.18 | 9.54-10.86 | 8.36 | 7.55-9.27 | |||||
6-10 | 5.69 | 5.25-6.17 | 7.11 | 6.91-7.32 | 16.28 | 15.76-16.81 | 25.98 | 24.28-27.80 | 18.86 | 16.99-20.94 | |||||
≥11 | 9.93 | 9.09-10.85 | 14.52 | 14.05-14.99 | 43.03 | 41.39-44.73 | 90.81 | 83.74-98.48 | 45.19 | 40.69-50.19 | |||||
Male
| |||||||||||||||
19-24
|
25-44
|
45-64
|
65-79
|
80+
| |||||||||||
OR
|
95% CI
|
P-value
|
OR
|
95% CI
|
P-value
|
OR
|
95% CI
|
P-value
|
OR
|
95% CI
|
P-value
|
OR
|
95% CI
|
P-value
| |
Number of acute diseases(ref.0)
| <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.590 | ||||||||||
1 | 0.78 | 0.73-0.83 | 0.71 | 0.70-0.73 | 0.67 | 0.65-0.69 | 0.84 | 0.80-0.89 | 1.07 | 0.95-1.21 | |||||
2 | 0.79 | 0.73-0.86 | 0.64 | 0.62-0.66 | 0.58 | 0.56-0.60 | 0.78 | 0.72-0.85 | 1.08 | 0.89-1.31 | |||||
≥3 | 0.76 | 0.69-0.83 | 0.60 | 0.58-0.62 | 0.55 | 0.52-0.57 | 0.86 | 0.77-0.97 | 1.12 | 0.88-1.42 | |||||
Rural area (ref. urban)
| 0.94 | 0.88-1.00 | 0.045 | 0.95 | 0.93-0.97 | <0.001 | 0.87 | 0.85-0.89 | <0.001 | 0.71 | 0.68-0.75 | <0.001 | 0.79 | 0.71-0.88 | <0.001 |
Number of visits (ref. 0)
| <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
1-2 | 2.32 | 2.15-2.50 | 2.67 | 2.60-2.75 | 3.57 | 3.47-3.67 | 3.58 | 3.35-3.82 | 3.33 | 2.89-3.85 | |||||
3-5 | 3.93 | 3.64-4.25 | 5.18 | 5.04-5.33 | 8.20 | 7.97-8.43 | 9.66 | 9.06-10.30 | 8.62 | 7.50-9.92 | |||||
6-10 | 6.51 | 5.97-7.09 | 9.62 | 9.33-9.92 | 17.78 | 17.24-18.34 | 24.51 | 22.93-26.19 | 22.07 | 19.13-25.47 | |||||
≥11 | 10.86 | 9.82-12.01 | 20.58 | 19.86-21.32 | 45.13 | 43.43-46.90 | 76.41 | 70.68-82.60 | 51.32 | 44.49-59.19 |