Background
Methods
Design and data collection
Instruments
Statistical analysis
Results
Patients' characteristics
Knew diagnosis (n = 68) | Did not know diagnosis (n = 74) | All (n = 142) | |
---|---|---|---|
No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | |
Age
| |||
Mean (SD) | 50.2 (13.9) | 58.2 (13.4) | 54.1 (14.8) |
Range | 23–74 | 19–76 | 19–76 |
Gender
| |||
Male | 34 (50.0) | 45 (60.8) | 79 (55.6) |
Female | 34 (50.0) | 29 (39.2) | 63 (44.4) |
Marital status
| |||
Single | 7 (10.3) | 6 (8.1) | 13 (9.2) |
Married | 59 (86.8) | 63 (85.1) | 122 (85.9) |
Widowed | 2 (2.9) | 5 (6.8) | 7 (4.9) |
Educational status
| |||
Illiterate | 23 (33.8) | 55 (74.2) | 78 (54.9) |
Primary | 28 (41.2) | 15 (20.3) | 43 (30.3) |
Secondary | 9 (13.2) | 3 (4.1) | 12 (8.5) |
College/university | 8 (11.8) | 1 (1.4) | 9 (6.3) |
Cancer site
| |||
Esophagus | 7 (10.3) | 34 (45.9) | 41 (28.9) |
Stomach | 22 (32.4) | 20 (27.0) | 42 (29.6) |
Small intestine | 1 (1.5) | 4 (5.4) | 5 (3.5) |
Colon | 26 (38.2) | 5 (6.8) | 31 (21.8) |
Rectum | 12 (17.6) | 11 (14.9) | 23 (16.2) |
Time since diagnosis (months)
| |||
Mean (SD) | 4.6 (3.0) | 4.1 (3.2) | 4.4 (3.2) |
Range | 1–12 | 1–12 | 1–12 |
Initial treatment
| |||
Surgery | 54 (79.4) | 37 (50.0) | 91 (64.1) |
Chemotherapy/radiotherapy | 9 (13.2) | 10 (13.0) | 19 (13.4) |
Best Supportive care | 5 (7.4) | 27 (36.5) | 32 (22.5) |
Anxiety score
| |||
0–7 | 27 (39.7) | 48 (64.9) | 75 (52.8) |
8–21 | 41 (60.3) | 26 (35.1) | 67 (47.2) |
Depression score
| |||
0–7 | 26 (38.2) | 35 (47.3) | 61 (43.0) |
8–21 | 42 (61.8) | 39 (52.7) | 81 (57.0) |
Anxiety and depression
Anxiety | Depression | |
---|---|---|
Age | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
19–29 | 8.4 (4.6) | 8.0 (4.3) |
30–39 | 10.6 (5.1) | 8.9 (3.7) |
40–49 | 9.1 (3.9) | 9.4 (4.3) |
50–59 | 7.8 (3.9) | 8.5 (4.0) |
≥60 | 6.2 (4.4) | 8.1 (3.6) |
ANOVA
|
F = 3.87
|
F = 0.50
|
P value
|
0.005*
|
0.73
|
Gender
| ||
Male | 7.0 (4.7) | 8.4 (4.0) |
Female | 8.3 (4.2) | 8.6 (3.7) |
t-test
|
-1.63
|
-0.021
|
P value
|
0.1
|
0.83
|
Marital status
| ||
Single | 6.8 (2.7) | 6.5 (2.9) |
Married | 7.7 (4.6) | 8.6 (3.9) |
Widowed | 8.1 (5.1) | 10.6 (3.1) |
ANOVA
|
F = 0.24
|
F = 2.75
|
P value
|
0.78
|
0.06
|
Educational status
| ||
Illiterate | 7.2 (4.3) | 8.6 (3.6) |
Primary | 7.2 (4.6) | 7.6 (3.5) |
Secondary | 10.3 (4.9) | 10.1 (5.9) |
College/university | 9.4 (3.2) | 9.1 (3.4) |
ANOVA
|
F = 2.33
|
F = 1.64
|
P value
|
0.07
|
0.18
|
Cancer site
| ||
Esophagus | 6.8 (4.5) | 8.2 (3.5) |
Stomach | 8.0 (4.5) | 8.9 (3.5) |
Small intestine | 5.0 (2.8) | 8.2 (1.3) |
Colon | 8.4 (3.2) | 7.8 (3.6) |
Rectum | 7.9 (5.8) | 9.3 (5.4) |
ANOVA
|
F = 1.11
|
F = 0.67
|
P value
|
0.35
|
0.61
|
Initial treatment
| ||
Surgery | 8.1 (4.4) | 8.2 (3.9) |
Chemotherapy/radiotherapy | 6.6 (4.0) | 8.7 (3.1) |
Best Supportive care | 6.9 (4.8) | 8.9 (4.1) |
ANOVA
|
F = 1.30
|
F = 0.36
|
P value
|
0.27
|
0.69
|
Knowledge of diagnosis
| ||
Yes | 9.1 (4.2) | 9.1 (4.1) |
No | 6.3 (4.4) | 7.9 (3.6) |
t-test
|
3.83
|
1.94
|
P value
|
<0.0001
|
0.05
|
OR (95% CI) | P | ||
---|---|---|---|
Anxiety | |||
Age
| 0.97 (0.94–1.0) | 0.11 | |
Gender
| |||
Male | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
Female | 1.7 (0.78–3.7) | 0.17 | |
Marital status
| |||
Married | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
Single/widowed | 0.60 (0.16–2.1) | 0.43 | |
Educational Status
| |||
Higher | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
Secondary | 0.84 (0.10–7.5) | 0.87 | |
Primary | 0.22 (0.32–1.4) | 0.11 | |
Illiterate | 0.44 (0.06–3.2) | 0.42 | |
Cancer site
| |||
Esophagus | 1.0 (ref) | ||
Stomach | 1.4 (0.45–4.7) | 0.52 | |
Small intestine | 0.34 (0.03–4.2) | 0.40 | |
Colon | 0.80 (0.21–3.1) | 0.75 | |
Rectum | 0.62 (0.15–2.5) | 0.51 | |
Time since diagnosis
| 1.1 (0.93–1.2) | 0.34 | |
Initial treatment
| |||
Surgery | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
Chemotherapy/radiotherapy | 0.35 (0.10–1.2) | 0.11 | |
Best supportive care | 1.3 (0.42–3.9) | 0.64 | |
Knowledge of cancer diagnosis
| |||
No | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
Yes | 2.7 (1.1–6.8) | 0.03 | |
Depression
| |||
Age
| 0.98 (0.95–1.0) | 0.34 | |
Gender
| |||
Male | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
Female | 1.3 (0.60–2.8) | 0.50 | |
Marital status
| |||
Married | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
Single/widowed | .42 (0.12–1.4 | 0.16 | |
Educational Status
| |||
Higher | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
Secondary | 0.26 (0.03–2.2) | 0.22 | |
Primary | 0.17 (0.02–1.2) | 0.08 | |
Illiterate | 0.73 (0.09–5.3) | 0.73 | |
Cancer site
| |||
Esophagus | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
Stomach | 1.9 (0.60–6.1) | 0.27 | |
Small intestine | 3.2 (0.34–29.8) | 0.30 | |
Colon | 0.74 (0.19–2.8) | 0.66 | |
Rectum | 0.95 (0.26–3.4) | 0.94 | |
Time since diagnosis
| 1.0 (0.89–1.2) | 0.78 | |
Initial treatment
| |||
Surgery | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
Chemotherapy/radiotherapy | 2.2 (0.65–7.8) | 0.19 | |
Best supportive care | 1.5 (0.50–4.4) | 0.47 | |
Knowledge of cancer diagnosis
| |||
No | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
Yes | 2.8 (1.1–7.2) | 0.03 |