Background
Methods
Study design & setting
Participants
Clinical data and study size
Measurements
HRV analysis
Statistical analyses
Results
Participants & descriptive data
FOpre ≤ 2.5 L (L group) | FOpre > 2.5 L (H group) | P | |
---|---|---|---|
N
| 31 | 38 | |
FO [L]
|
1.1 (0.55, 1.6)
|
3.4 (2.8, 4.4)
|
<0.001
|
FO/ECW%
|
7.0 (3.6, 9.3)
|
17.7 (15.7, 25.3)
|
<0.001
|
Diabetes
| 11 | 8 | 0.2 |
Age [years]
| 65 (50,75) | 69 (60, 75) | 0.2 |
Gender [m/f]
| 18/13 | 27/11 | 0.3 |
Dialysis vintage [years]
|
4 (2, 7)
|
7 (5, 11)
|
0.02
|
Patients with residual renal function
| 0 | 1 | 0.9 |
Treatment time [min]
| 236 (233, 241) | 237 (234, 241) | 0.5 |
UFR [L/hr]
| 0.67 (0.47, 0.84) | 0.81 (0.56, 0.9) | 0.2 |
UFR [ml/kg BW/h]
| 9.5 (5.9, 10.9) | 10.9 (8.0, 13.6) | 0.1 |
Dry body weight [kg]
| 74.2 (61.6, 78.6) | 68.4 (61.0, 74.5) | 0.2 |
BMI
| 26.4 (23.5, 28.8) | 24.3 (21.6, 26.7) | 0.2 |
Treatment modality [HDF-OL/HD/HFD/HF]
| 3/26/2/0 | 6/27/3/2 | 0.6 |
HD related episodes (cramps, dizziness, hypotension)
| 5 | 6 | 0.9 |
Left ventricular hypertrophy
| 21 | 25 | 0.9 |
Peripheral vascular disease
| 17 | 12 | 0.8 |
Coronary heart disease
| 10 | 11 | 0.2 |
Hypertension
| 31 | 36 | 0.5 |
β-blockers
| 10 | 14 | 0.8 |
ACE inhibitors
| 9 | 11 | 0.8 |
Calcium antagonist
| 14 | 16 | 0.9 |
Correlation analysis and comparisons of patients stratified according to FO
First 30′ HD | Last 30′ HD | Entire HD | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FO | FO/ECW% | FO | FO/ECW% | FO | FO/ECW% | |
SDANN
|
-0.40
*
|
-0.39
*
|
-0.29
#
|
-0.35
*
|
-0.31
#
|
-0.30
*
|
VLF
|
-0.37
*
|
-0.39
*
| -0.25 |
-0.27
#
|
-0.25
#
|
-0.28
*
|
LF%
| -0.09 | -0.11 |
-0.33
#
|
-0.37
†
| -0.17 | -0.16 |
HF%
|
0.28
#
|
0.29
#
| 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.19 |
0.30
§
|
LF/HF
| -0.21 | -0.22 |
-0.31
#
|
-0.34
#
| -0.22 | -0.22 |
LZC (2,0.01)
| -0.18 | -0.17 | -0.17 | -0.2 | -0.13 | -0.23 |
LZC (2,0.05)
| -0.23 |
-0.26
§
| -0.15 |
-0.30
§
| -0.07 | -0.1 |
LZC (3,0.01)
|
-0.26
#
|
-0.26
#
| -0.34 |
-0.31
#
|
-0.29
#
|
-0.27
#
|
L group | H group | Mann–Whitney Wilcoxon | Ld | Hd | Lnd | Hnd | One-way ANOVA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# patients | 31 | 38 | 11 | 8 | 20 | 30 | |||
First 30′HD
| |||||||||
SDANN (ms)
|
27(14,38)
|
13(9,17)
|
P = 0.001
| 14(10,41) | 14(9,17) |
29(22,38)*
|
13(10,17)
|
P = 0.002
| |
VLF (ms
2
)
|
460(291,1052)
|
227(122,594)
|
P = 0.01
| 310(223,477) | 124(44,300) | 614(375,1123) | 252(141,622) | P = 0.1 | |
HF%
|
14.8(8.2,23.0)
|
25.5(11.2,39.0)
|
P = 0.04
| 23.0(7.4,35.8) | 28.8(22.0,53.6) | 12.1(8.3,20.6) | 21.4(9.9,38.7) | P = 0.03 | |
LF%
| 37.3(25.0,50.0) | 43.0(28.6,52.3) | P = 0.4 | 34.3(23.9,40.7) | 36.0(30.4,46.1) | 43.0(28.6,52.3) | 33.1(23.7,45.1) | P = 0.7 | |
LF/HF
| 2.72(1.44,5.17) | 2.81(1.72,5.78) | P = 0.1 | 1.55(0.83,3.11) | 1.53(0.61,2.12) | 2.81(1.72,5.78) | 2.04(0.87,3.41) | P = 0.8 | |
LZC (3,0.001)
| 0.88(0.85,0.94) | 0.83(0.76,0.91) | P = 0.07 | 0.87(0.86,0.92) | 0.81(0.77,0.92) | 0.88(0.84,0.95) | 0.84(0.74,0.91) | P = 0.6 | |
Last 30′ HD
| |||||||||
SDANN (ms)
| 17(13,27) | 20(13,35) | P = 0.1 | 15(13,21) | 12(10,16) | 20(13,35) | 13(9,31) | P = 0.3 | |
VLF (ms
2
)
| 634(394,2082) | 795(459,2167) | P = 0.2 | 504(372,671) | 246(30,860) | 795(459,2167) | 460(202,1645) | P = 0.6 | |
HF%
| 12.41(9.04,20.57) | 11.41(8.12,19.20) | P = 0.5 | 16.06(9.69,26.27) | 27.03(19.23,31.04) | 11.41(8.12,19.20) | 14.80(3.66,27.97) | P = 0.5 | |
LF%
| 41.61(29.41,54.38) | 45.55(36.21,58.68) | P = 0.07 | 38.34(23.62,43.83) | 36.41(21.47,49.94) | 45.55(36.21,58.68) | 31.72(16.36,49.99) | P = 0.1 | |
LF/HF
| 2.66(1.74,6.28) | 4.09(2.37,7.51) | P = 0.09 | 1.86(1.59,3.50) | 1.01(0.39,2.02) | 4.09(2.37,7.51) | 2.37(1.03,5.70) | P = 0.1 | |
LZC (3,0.001)
| 0.91(0.86,0.95) | 0.91(0.88,0.94) | P = 0.08 | 0.93(0.85,0.96) | 0.88(0.79,0.97) | 0.91(0.88,0.94) | 0.87(0.76,0.92) | P = 0.2 | |
Entire HD
| |||||||||
SDANN (ms)
|
44(31,62)
|
28(20,42)
|
P = 0.002
| 42(30,61)§ | 24(21,27) |
46(30,61)§
|
31(18,45)
|
P = 0.004
| |
VLF (ms
2
)
| 675(369, 1627) | 415(207,1026) | P = 0.09 | 417(287, 697) | 266(61,580) | 972(411, 1851) | 452(252,1160) | P = 0.5 | |
HF%
| 16.0(7.0,21.6) | 16.9(9.5,29.1) | P = 0.3 | 20.9(13.5, 23.8) | 23.0(19.3,33.9) | 12.7(6.8,18.1) | 14.7(6.9,29.1) | P = 0.1 | |
LF%
| 37.88(23.20,53.31) | 38.52(22.30,54.50) | P = 0.3 | 37.09(23.20,46.30) | 36.99(23.20,44.85) | 38.52(22.30,54.50) | 30.94(21.45,47.65) | P = 0.7 | |
LF/HF
| 3.07(1.55,5.13) | 3.41(1.77,5.30) | P = 0.09 | 2.04(1.15,3.88) | 1.18(0.56,1.99) | 3.41(1.77,5.30) | 2.57(0.90,4.79) | P = 0.6 | |
LZC (3,0.001)
| 0.90(0.86,0.93) | 0.86(0.78,0.92) | P = 0.1 | 0.90(0.88,0.91) | 0.91(0.78,0.95) | 0.90(0.86, 0.94) | 0.85(0.78,0.91) | P = 0.3 |
Post-study follow-up
Patient ID | Sex | Vintage | Age | Diabetes | LVH | PVD | CHF | CAD | Arrhythmias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
223
| M | 6 | 84 | N | Y | Y | N | N | N |
2400
| F | 6 | 45 | N | Y | N | N | N | N |
1318
| M | 13 | 73 | N | N | N | N | N | Y |
6794
| M | 1 | 72 | N | N | N | N | N | N |
1400
| F | 8 | 47 | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y |
LF (ms2) | LF% | SDANN (ms) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient ID | BL | 1 M | 3 M | BL | 1 M | 3 M | BL | 1 M | 3 M |
223
| 1033.6 | 271 | 245.4 | 55.6 | 52.9 | 38.4 | 47.3 | 29 | 57 |
2400
| 2938 | 1101.5 | 284.3 | 68.4 | 47.1 | 36.3 | 48.5 | 70.3 | 68.7 |
1318
| 955.3 | 622.9 | 730.5 | 51.3 | 43.9 | 47.9 | 27.5 | 29.8 | 31.6 |
6794
| 6.7 | 227.4 | 49.5 | 1.9 | 39 | 20.1 | 34.8 | 31.1 | 101.8 |
1400
| 151.6 | 144 | 82.3 | 28.2 | 39 | 23.8 | 32.7 | 91.4 | 157.9 |
955.3(115.4,1509.7) | 271.0(206.6,742.5) | 245.4(74.1,395.9) | 51.3(21.6,58.8) | 43.9(39.0,48.5) | 36.3(22.9,40.8) | 34.8(31.4,47.6) | 31.1(29.6,75.6) | 68.7(50.6,115.8)* |