Background
Aims
Methods
Study cohort
Respondents | Non-respondents | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
All, n | 287 | 206 | |
Men, n (%) | 84 (29.3%) | 61 (29.6%) | 0.934 |
Women, n (%) | 203 (70.7%) | 145 (70.4%) | |
Age, years | 51.5 ± 13.5 | 49.0 ± 13.4 | 0.048* |
(19–79) | (19–80) | ||
Men, years | 52.5 ± 14.5 | 46.7 ± 14.0 | 0.018* |
(19–79) | (19–73) | ||
Women, years | 51.0 ± 13.0 | 49.9 ± 13.0 | 0.463 |
(22–79) | (22–80) |
Measurements
Procedure
Statistical methods
Results
All | Men | Women | P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 51.5 ± 13.5 (19–79) | 52.5 ± 14.5 (19–79) | 51.0 ± 13.0 (22–79) | 0.397 | |
Type of MS
| relapsing remitting | 135 (47.0%) | 26 (31.0%) | 109 (53.7%) | 0.450 |
secondary progressive | 104 (36.2%) | 37 (44.0%) | 67 (33.0%) | ||
primary progressive | 32 (11.1%) | 16 (19.0%) | 16 (7.9%) | ||
progressive relapsing | 10 (3.5%) | 4 (4.8%) | 6 (3.0%) | ||
subtype not known | 6 (2.1%) | 1 (1.2%) | 5 (2.5%) | ||
Time since diagnosis (years) | 11 (11–18) | 12 (7–22) | 10 (5–18) | 0.027* | |
Living with partner
| alone | 80 (27.9%) | 27 (32.1%) | 53 (26.1%) | 0.266 |
with partner | 203 (70.7%) | 55 (65.5%) | 148 (72.9%) | ||
Living with children
| without children | 216 (75.3%) | 66 (78.6%) | 150 (73.9%) | 0.403 |
with children | 71 (24.7%) | 18 (21.4%) | 53 (26.1%) | ||
Education
| compulsory school | 39 (13.6%) | 14 (16.7%) | 25 (12.3%) | 0.473 |
upper secondary school | 118 (41.1%) | 34 (40.5%) | 84 (41.1%) | ||
post-secondary school | 124 (43.2%) | 32 (38.1%) | 92 (45.3%) | ||
Work status
| working | 118 (41.1%) | 29 (34.5%) | 89 (43.8%) | 0.398 |
student | 4 (1.4%) | 1 (1.2%) | 3 (1.5%) | ||
out of work | 8 (2.8%) | 2 (2.4%) | 6 (3.0%) | ||
parental leave | 4 (1.4%) | 1 (1.2%) | 3 (1.5%) | ||
sickness benefit | 52 (18.1%) | 16 (19.0%) | 36 (17.7%) | ||
retired due to age | 61 (21.3%) | 24 (28.6%) | 37 (18.2%) | ||
parttime work/sickness benefit | 12 (4.2%) | 1 (1.2%) | 11 (5.4%) | ||
other | 23 (8.0%) | 8 (9.5%) | 15 (7.4%) | ||
Height (cm) | 170.4 ± 8.1 | 179.0 ± 5.6 | 166.8 ± 5.9 | N.A. | |
Weight (kg) | 71.8 ± 12.2 | 79.4 ± 11.0 | 68.7 ± 11.3 | N.A. | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 ± 3.8 | 24.7 ± 3.0 | 24.7 ± 4.1 | 0.926 | |
Smoking
| yes | 41 (14.3%) | 12 (14.3%) | 29 (14.3%) | 0.952 |
no | 243 (84.7%) | 70 (83.3%) | 173 (85.2%) | ||
Other diseases
| 0 | 212 (73.9%) | 67 (79.8%) | 145 (71.4%) | 0.152 |
1 | 58 (20.2%) | 13 (15.5%) | 45 (22.2%) | ||
2 | 14 (4.9%) | 3 (3.6%) | 11 (5.4%) | ||
3 | 3 (1.0%) | 1 (1.2%) | 2 (1.0%) | ||
ACTIVLIM
| 3.2 (1.1–6.3) | 1.8 (-0.2–6.2) | 3.7 (1.5–6.3) | 0.002* | |
Gait Y/N
| yes can walk | 256 (89.2%) | 67 (79.8%) | 189 (93.1%) | 0.001* |
no can’t walk | 30 (10.5%) | 17 (20.2%) | 13 (6.4%) | ||
Gait outside†
| 1–50 m | 15 (10.5%) | 5 (6.0%) | 10 (4.9%) | 0.001* |
51–100 m | 19 (5.2%) | 8 (9.5%) | 11 (5.4%) | ||
101–500 m | 30 (10.5%) | 9 (10.7%) | 21 (10.3%) | ||
501–1000 m | 5 (8.7%) | 4 (4.8%) | 21 (10.3%) | ||
1001–3000 m | 33 (11.5%) | 9 (10.7%) | 24 (11.8%) | ||
>3000 m | 110 (38.3%) | 25 (29.8%) | 85 (41.9%) | ||
Fear of falling
| yes | 109 (38%) | 32 (38.1%) | 77 (37.9%) | 0.951 |
no | 162 (56.4%) | 47 (56.0%) | 115 (56.7%) |
All | Men | Women | P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PADS-R
| total | 0.184 ± 1.475 | –0.180 ± 1.632 | 0.333 ± 1.383 | 0.007* |
≥ mean | 135 (47.0%) | 29 (34.5%) | 106 (52.2%) | 0.006* | |
< mean | 152 (53.0%) | 55 (65.5%) | 97 (47.8%) | ||
MSIS-29
| physical | 27.5 (7.5–52.5) | 41.3 (13.8–63.8) | 25.0 (6.3–47.5) | 0.004* |
psychological | 27.8 (11.1–47.2) | 30.6 (13.9–50.0) | 25.0 (9.0–43.8) | 0.18 | |
physical 0–25 | 133 (46.3%) | 31 (36.9%) | 102 (50.2%) | 0.002* | |
physical >25–50 | 71 (24.7%) | 15 (17.9%) | 56 (27.6%) | ||
physical >50–75 | 51 (17.8%) | 20 (23.8%) | 31 (15.3%) | ||
physical >75–100 | 26 (9.1%) | 15 (17.9%) | 11 (5.4%) | ||
FSS
| total | 4.66 (2.94–5.89) | 4.78 (3.11–6.11) | 4.56 (2.9–5.89) | 0.417 |
≥4 | 177 (61.7%) | 54 (64.3%) | 123 (60.6%) | 0.51 | |
<4 | 108 (37.6%) | 29 (34.5%) | 79 (38.9%) | ||
ESES
| 27 (20–35) | 25 (18–33) | 28 (21–36) | 0.013* | |
FES(S)
| total | 112 (65–129) | 99 (40–128) | 116 (76–130) | 0.012* |
IADL | 52 (26–60) | 41 (12–60) | 54 (29–60) | 0.016* | |
PADL | 54 (36–60) | 51 (25–59) | 56 (42–60) | 0.003* | |
SIPAneg
| total | 0.06 (0.00–0.28) | 0.08 (0.00–0.33) | 0.06 (0.00–0.25) | 0.067 |
family | 0.08 (0.00–0.33) | 0.13 (0.00–0.58) | 0.08 (0.00–0.33) | 0.558 | |
friends | 0.00 (0.00–0.33) | 0.08 (0.00–0.33) | 0.00 (0.00–0.33) | 0.454 | |
experts | 0.00 (0.00–0.08) | 0.00 (0.00–0.17) | 0.00 (0.00–0.08) | 0.215 | |
SIPApos
| total | 0.80 (0.40–1.36) | 0.73 (0.36–1.25) | 0.82 (0.40–1.38) | 0.382 |
family | 1.13 (0.45–1.75) | 1.00 (0.55–1.70) | 1.23 (0.40–1.80) | 0.005* | |
friends | 0.67 (0.20–1.40) | 0.60 (0.08–1.07) | 0.80 (0.27–1.47) | 0.139 | |
experts | 0.23 (0.00–1.15) | 0.40 (0.00–1.25) | 0.20 (0.00–1.07) | 0.38 |
MSIS-29 0–25, minimal MS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Men (n = 31) | Women (n = 102) | P-value | ||
PADS-R
| total | 1.213 ± 1.389 | 1.094 ± 1.063 | 0.613 |
FSS
| total | 3.44 (1.78–5.11) | 3.39 (2.22–4.58) | 0.831 |
ESES
| 32 (25–35) | 35 (27–40) | 0.103 | |
FES(S)
| total | 129 (123–130) | 129 (122–130) | 0.998 |
SIPApos
| family | 0.90 (0.33–1.65) | 1.27 (0.40–1.82) | 0.263 |
MSIS-29 ≤ 50, minimal and mild MS
| ||||
Men (n = 46)
|
Women (n = 158)
|
P-value
| ||
PADS-R
| total | 0.807 ± 1.442 | 0.727 ± 1.188 | 0.704 |
FSS
| total | 4.00 (2.33–5.36) | 4.28 (2.56–5.22) | 0.595 |
ESES
| 29 (23–35) | 30 (23–37) | 0.388 | |
FES(S)
| total | 124 (100–130) | 125 (103–130) | 0.941 |
SIPApos
| family | 1.00 (0.60–1.57) | 1.27 (0.40–1.80) | 0.603 |
MSIS-29 > 50–75, moderate MS
| ||||
Men (n = 20)
|
Women (n = 31)
|
P-value
| ||
PADS-R
| total | -1.031 ± 1.006 | -0.843 ± 0.892 | 0.486 |
FSS
| total | 5.89 (4.25–6.42) | 6.50 (5.57–6.89) | 0.047* |
ESES
| 20 (16–29) | 22 (16–28) | 1.000 | |
FES(S)
| total | 63 (34–87) | 48 (29–81) | 0.387 |
SIPApos
| family | 0.93 (0.20–1.47) | 1.33 (0.72–1.73) | 0.150 |
MSIS-29 > 50–100, moderate and severe MS
| ||||
Men
(n = 35)
|
Women
(n = 42)
|
P-value
| ||
PADS-R
| total | -1.332 ± 0.933 | -1.147 ± 1.031 | 0.415 |
FSS
| total | 6.00 (4.50–6.58) | 6.44 (5.50–6.89) | 0.193 |
ESES
| 18 (13–26) | 20 (15–26) | 0.542 | |
FES(S)
| total | 41 (10–69) | 40 (21–60) | 0.935 |
SIPApos
| family | 1.00 (0.28–1.83) | 1.27 (0.57–1.73) | 0.528 |
MS type, relapsing remitting | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Men (n = 26) | Women (n = 109) | P-value | ||
MSIS-29
| physical | 8.8 (1.3–23.8) | 11.3 (2.5–30.0) | 0.235 |
psychological | 16.7 (8.3–38.9) | 25.0 (8.3–41.7) | 0.336 | |
PADS-R
| total | 0.933 ± 1.612 | 0.840 ± 1.240 | 0.745 |
FSS
| total | 3.22 (1.78–5.14) | 4.33 (2.89–5.67) | 0.048* |
ESES
| 29 (22–39) | 32 (26–37) | 0.571 | |
FES(S)
| total | 129 (111–130) | 128 (111–130) | 0.927 |
SIPApos
| family | 0.97 (0.60–1.55) | 1.37 (0.57–1.87) | 0.280 |
MS type, secondary progressive
| ||||
Men (n = 37)
|
Women (n = 67)
|
P-value
| ||
MSIS-29
| physical | 53.8 (28.8–77.5) | 40.0 (23.8–58.8) | 0.019* |
psychological | 33.3 (16.7–47.2) | 25.0 (11.1–41.7) | 0.346 | |
PADS-R
| total | -0.874 ± 1.266 | -0.349 ± 1.241 | 0.043* |
FSS
| total | 5.89 (3.78–6.39) | 5.22 (3.44–6.44) | 0.390 |
ESES
| 24 (18–33) | 24 (16–32) | 0.981 | |
FES(S)
| total | 66 (31–103) | 82 (48–115) | 0.289 |
SIPApos
| family | 0.93 (0.30–1.87) | 1.13 (0.27–1.70) | 0.784 |