Background
Methods
N | % | |
---|---|---|
White
|
20633
|
80.9
|
British | 18617 | 73.0 |
Irish | 102 | 0.4 |
Any other white background | 1914 | 7.5 |
Mixed
|
319
|
1.2
|
White and Black Caribbean | 80 | 0.3 |
White and Black African | 66 | 0.3 |
White and Asian | 61 | 0.2 |
Any other mixed background | 112 | 0.4 |
Asian or Asian British | 1714 | 6.7 |
Indian
|
584
|
2.3
|
Pakistani
|
596
|
2.3
|
Bangladeshi
|
163
|
0.6
|
Any other Asian background* | 371 | 1.5 |
Black or Black British | 966 | 3.8 |
Caribbean
|
162
|
0.6
|
African
|
659
|
2.6
|
Any other black background* | 145 | 0.6 |
Chinese or other ethnic group
|
687
|
2.7
|
Chinese | 142 | 0.6 |
Any other ethnic group | 545 | 2.1 |
Not known | 1169 | 4.6 |
Total | 24319 | 100 |
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics | White | Mixed | Indian | Pakistani | Bangladeshi | Black Caribbean | Black African | Other ethnicity | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 20633) | (n = 319) | (n = 584) | (n = 596) | (n = 163) | (n = 162) | (n = 659) | (n = 1203) | (24319) | |
Age group
|
n (%)
|
n (%)
|
n (%)
|
n (%)
|
n (%)
|
n (%)
|
n (%)
|
n (%)
|
n (%)
|
16-19 | 485 (2.4) | 9 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 8 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.2) | 7 (1.1) | 11 (0.9) | 522 (2.1) |
20-24 | 2575 (12.5) | 44 (13.8) | 34 (5.8) | 84 (14.1) | 31 (19.0) | 27 (16.7) | 49 (7.4) | 114 (9.5) | 2958 (12.2) |
25-29 | 4699 (22.8) | 74 (23.2) | 161 (27.6) | 233 (39.1) | 57 (35.0) | 40 (24.7) | 145 (22.0) | 312 (25.9) | 5721 (23.5) |
30-34 | 6727 (32.6) | 100 (31.3) | 266 (45.5) | 177 (29.7) | 47 (28.8) | 44 (27.2) | 254 (38.5) | 386 (32.1) | 8001 (32.9) |
35-39 | 4718 (22.9) | 65 (20.4) | 103 (17.6) | 82 (13.8) | 26 (16.0) | 33 (20.4) | 154 (23.4) | 282 (23.4) | 5463 (22.5) |
40+ | 1429 (6.9) | 27 (8.5) | 20 (3.4)* | 12 (2.0)* | 2 (1.2)* | 16 (9.9) | 50 (7.6)* | 98 (8.1)* | 1654 (6.8) |
Parity
| |||||||||
Primiparous | 10208 (49.9) | 142 (45.5) | 287 (50.0) | 211 (35.8) | 70 (43.2) | 74 (46.3) | 241 (37.3) | 585 (49.6) | 11818 (49.1) |
Multiparous | 10256 (50.1) | 170 (54.5) | 287 (50.0) | 378 (64.2)* | 92 (56.8) | 86 (53.8) | 405 (62.7)* | 594 (50.4) | 12268 (50.9) |
Partner
| |||||||||
Yes | 17935 (86.9) | 227 (71.2) | 486 (83.2) | 454 (76.2) | 128 (78.5) | 74 (45.7) | 433 (65.7) | 959 (79.7) | 20696 (85.1) |
No | 2698 (13.1) | 92 (28.8)* | 98 (16.8)* | 142 (23.8)* | 35 (21.5)* | 88 (54.3)* | 226 (34.3)* | 244 (20.3)* | 3623 (14.9) |
Language spoken at home | 244 (79.0) | 244 (45.8) | 203 (37.5) | 46 (30.5) | 152 (94.4) | 288 (48.2) | 539 (47.6) | 21043 (88.4) | |
English | 19327 (94.8) | ||||||||
Other languages | 1059 (5.2) | 65 (21.0)* | 289 (54.2)* | 339 (62.5)* | 105 (69.5)* | 9 (5.6) | 310 (51.8)* | 594 (52.4)* | 2770 (11.6) |
Living with family members other than a partner
| |||||||||
Yes | 918 (4.5) | 27 (8.9)* | 61 (10.9)* | 91 (16.0)* | 17 (11.0)* | 21 (13.5)* | 42 (6.7)* | 87 (7.4)* | 1264 (6.0) |
Gestation at birth
| |||||||||
> = 37 weeks | 19079 (93.0) | 289 (91.7) | 508 (88.2) | 512 (88.1) | 138 (85.7) | 148 (91.9) | 573 (89.1) | 1064 (89.6) | 22311 (92.4) |
< 37 weeks | 1444 (7.0) | 26 (8.3) | 68 (11.8)* | 69 (11.9)* | 23 (14.3)* | 13 (8.1) | 70 (10.9)* | 123 (10.4)* | 1836 (7.6) |
Birth weight
| |||||||||
> = 2500 g | 19543 (95.4) | 295 (93.9) | 512 (89.7) | 507 (89.7) | 134 (86.5) | 149 (92.5) | 561 (92.0) | 1082 (93.2) | 22783 (94.9) |
<2500 g | 936 (4.6) | 19 (6.1) | 59 (10.3)* | 58 (10.3)* | 21 (13.5)* | 12 (7.5) | 49 (8.0)* | 79 (6.8)* | 1233 (5.1) |
Antenatal care
White | Mixed | Indian | Pakistani | Bangladeshi | Black Caribbean | Black African | Other Ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
>12 weeks first saw HP
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 859 (4.2) | 18 (6.0) | 33 (5.9) |
46 (8.3)
| 8 (5.2) |
16 (10.2)
|
64 (10.5)
|
87 (7.6)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 1.06 (0.64-1.75) | 1.28 (0.88-1.86) |
1.82 (1.31-2.53)
| 1.05 (0.50-2.19) |
1.89 (1.11-3.23)
|
2.19 (1.63-2.92)
|
1.80 (1.41-2.30)
|
MW first HP seen
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 5128 (26.3) |
59 (19.8)
|
118 (21.7)
| 171 (30.4) |
27 (17.2)
|
19 (12.5)
|
85 (13.7)
|
220 (19.4)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 |
0.66 (0.49-0.90)
|
0.76 (0.61-0.94)
| 1.10 (0.91-1.34) |
0.54 (0.35-0.82)
|
0.44 (0.26-0.74)
|
0.44 (0.26-0.74)
|
0.68 (0.58-0.80)
|
>12 weeks booking appointment
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 4375 (23.2) |
105 (36.6)
| 141 (27.3) |
142 (27.7)
| 33 (24.1) |
55 (37.4)
|
229 (40.2)
|
324 (31.1)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 |
1.73 (1.34-2.23)
| 1.22 (0.99-1.49) |
1.30 (1.06-1.59)
| 1.09 (0.73-1.62) |
1.66 (1.17-2.36)
|
2.02 (1.68-2.42)
|
1.46 (1.27-1.69)
|
Less than 10 AN check-ups
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 14768 (77.6) | 208 (73.8) | 386 (74.5) |
425 (83.2)
|
118 (87.4)
| 111 (77.1) | 405 (77.4) |
851 (82.3)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.86 (0.64-1.14) | 0.84 (0.69-1.03) |
1.45 (1.14-1.85)
|
2.08 (1.22-3.54)
| 1.08 (0.71-1.64) | 1.03 (0.83-1.29) |
1.32 (1.11-1.57)
|
Dating scan (8–14 weeks)
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 19506 (95.7) | 288 (93.5) |
528 (93.5)
|
518 (92.7)
| 147 (93.6) | 149 (96.1) |
575 (91.7)
|
1054 (91.8)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.68 (0.42-1.10) |
0.68 (0.48-0.96)
|
0.58 (0.42-0.82)
| 0.73 (0.37-1.43) | 1.31 (0.56-3.05) |
0.56 (0.41-0.78)
|
0.51 (0.40-0.64)
|
Down’s syndrome testing
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 14731 (97.0) | 223 (96.5) | 415 (96.3) |
279 (95.2)
|
89 (96.7)
|
129 (97.7)
|
468 (95.7)
| 877 (94.6) |
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.84 (0.40-1.78) | 0.88 (0.52-1.48) | 0.67 (0.38-1.18) | 1.02 (0.32-3.29) | 1.89 (0.57-6.28) | 0.82 (0.51-1.31) |
0.58 (0.42-0.80)
|
Anomaly scan (20 weeks)
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 20271 (99.3) | 301 (98.0) |
553 (97.5)
|
551 (96.2)
|
148 (96.1)
| 158 (100) |
597 (95.5)
|
1123 (97.1)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.47 (0.20-1.10) |
0.29 (0.16-0.52)
|
0.21 (0.13-0.34)
|
0.24 (0.10-0.57)
| 0 |
0.18 (0.11-0.29)
|
0.26 (0.17-0.38)
|
2 or more scans during pregnancy
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 20141 (98.6) |
302 (96.2)
|
548 (96.5)
|
543 (94.6)
| 152 (96.2) | 157 (98.1) |
587 (93.6)
|
1105 (95.3)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 |
0.40 (0.21-0.76)
|
0.37 (0.23-0.59)
|
0.27 (0.18-0.40)
| 0.49 (0.21-1.15) | 0.94 (0.27-3.29) |
0.22 (0.15-0.31)
|
0.30 (0.22-0.42)
|
Attended antenatal classes
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 6371 (59.4) | 93 (52.0) | 198 (63.1) |
81 (25.6)
| 31 (37.8) | 46 (46.5) | 177 (46.0) |
355 (52.0)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 1.17 (0.76-1.81) | 1.22 (0.88-1.69) |
0.34 (0.24-0.48)
| 0.71 (0.37-1.38) | 0.85 (0.49-1.47) | 1.05 (0.77-1.43) |
0.77 (0.61-0.98)
|
White | Mixed | Indian | Pakistani | Bangladeshi | Black Caribbean | Black African | Other ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Always given help needed by MW
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 10852 (72.8) | 165 (73.0) | 294 (69.2) |
306 (66.4)
|
70 (61.4)
| 72 (64.9) | 305 (71.8) |
588 (67.8)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 1.06 (0.77-1.47) | 0.85 (0.68-1.06) |
0.79 (0.65-0.98)
|
0.61 (0.41-0.90)
| 0.72 (0.48-1.09) | 0.86 (0.69-1.08) |
0.81 (0.70-0.95)
|
Always spoken to in a way you could understand
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 17216 (84.2) | 249 (79.8) | 471 (81.5) |
444 (76.4)
| 122 (78.7) | 127 (78.9) | 522 (80.9) |
887 (75.9)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.89 (0.65-1.21) | 0.87 (0.70-1.10) |
0.71 (0.57-0.87)
| 0.77 (0.51-1.15) | 0.78 (0.52-1.17) | 0.81 (0.65-1.01) |
0.59 (0.51-0.69)
|
Always involved enough in decisions
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 15102 (74.7) | 226 (73.9) |
398 (70.2)
|
363 (65.2)
|
84 (56.4)
| 110 (70.1) |
438 (69.6)
|
782 (68.9)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 1.09 (0.83-1.44) |
0.80 (0.66-0.97)
|
0.64 (0.53-0.77)
|
0.44 (0.31-0.63)
| 0.82 (0.58-1.17) |
0.79 (0.66-0.96)
|
0.75 (0.65-0.86)
|
AN choice of place of birth
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 15635 (84.8) | 230 (80.1) | 434 (81.6) |
356 (70.4)
| 114 (78.1) | 118 (81.9) |
444 (75.4)
|
896 (81.6)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.90 (0.66-1.24) | 0.87 (0.68-1.10) |
0.49 (0.40-0.61)
| 0.72 (0.47-1.09) | 0.97 (0.62-1.53) |
0.62 (0.51-0.77)
|
0.80 (0.68-0.95)
|
Good antenatal care overall rating
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 18969 (92.7) | 284 (89.3) | 529 (91.5) |
515 (87.1)
|
143 (87.7)
| 139 (86.9) | 610 (93.7) |
1084 (91.2)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.70 (0.48-1.02) | 0.90 (0.65-1.23) |
0.54 (0.42-0.70)
|
0.59 (0.36-0.98)
| 0.63 (0.39-1.01) | 1.17 (0.83-1.64) |
0.80 (0.64-0.99)
|
Labour and birth
White | Mixed | Indian | Pakistani | Bangladeshi | Black Caribbean | Black African | Other ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Birth in a birth centre/at home vs hospital
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 1348 (6.7) | 11 (3.7) | 26 (4.8) |
23 (4.2)
| 10 (6.8) | 7 (4.8) |
15 (2.7)
|
53 (4.7)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.65 (0.34-1.26) | 0.71 (0.47-1.09) |
0.64 (0.41-0.99)
| 1.03 (0.52-2.04) | 0.78 (0.36-1.71) |
0.41 (0.25-0.70)
|
0.68 (0.51-0.92)
|
Pethidine or similar for pain relief
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 5530 (30.7) | 77 (28.7) |
125 (25.4)
|
119 (23.2)
|
34 (23.6)
| 41 (28.7) |
129 (24.6)
|
279 (26.5)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.85 (0.64-1.13) |
0.75 (0.60-0.93)
|
0.67 (0.53-0.83)
|
0.64 (0.42-0.95)
| 0.77 (0.52-1.15) |
0.77 (0.62-0.96)
|
0.81 (0.69-0.94)
|
Epidural or similar for pain relief
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 5294 (29.4) | 77 (28.7) | 147 (29.8) |
101 (19.6)
| 28 (19.4) | 35 (24.5) | 158 (30.1) |
342 (32.5)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.94 (0.70-1.28) | 1.01 (0.82-1.24) |
0.70 (0.56-0.89)
| 0.65 (0.42-1.01) | 0.78 (0.52-1.17) | 1.23 (0.99-1.52) |
1.17 (1.01-1.35)
|
Vaginal delivery
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 15520 (75.7) | 228 (72.6) | 418 (73.3) | 441 (77.1) | 125 (79.1) | 121 (75.2) |
404 (64.6)
| 856 (73.0) |
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.86 (0.66-1.12) | 0.93 (0.77-1.13) | 0.98 (0.79-1.20) | 1.08 (0.72-1.63) | 0.95 (0.64-1.40) |
0.58 (0.48-0.69)
| 0.94 (0.82-1.09) |
Sitting/standing/on side vs lying at birth
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 4949 (32.9) | 64 (28.7) |
114 (27.4)
|
130 (29.5)
|
34 (27.4)
|
24 (20.5)
|
85 (21.3)
|
244 (29.2)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.88 (0.65-1.18) |
0.72 (0.58-0.90)
|
0.68 (0.55-0.85)
|
0.67 (0.45-0.99)
|
0.60 (0.40-0.91)
|
0.53 (0.42-0.67)
|
0.81 (0.70-0.95)
|
Birth in water
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 809 (5.2) | 10 (4.3) |
8 (1.9)
|
1 (0.2)
|
2 (1.6)
| 9 (7.4) |
9 (2.2)
|
27 (3.1)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 1.13 (0.56-2.29) |
0.41 (0.20-0.84)
|
0.05 (0.01-0.36)
|
0.16 (0.04-0.66)
| 1.74 (0.86-3.50) |
0.40 (0.20-0.79)
|
0.53 (0.35-0.81)
|
Birth in water/floor vs in bed
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 1550 (10.2) | 16 (7.0) |
18 (4.3)
|
15 (3.4)
|
5 (4.0)
| 15 (12.5) |
15 (3.6)
|
55 (6.4)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.90 (0.51-1.57) |
0.43 (0.27-0.70)
|
0.29 (0.17-0.50)
|
0.34 (0.13-0.91)
| 1.47 (0.84-2.59) |
0.35 (0.20-0.59)
|
0.60 (0.45-0.81)
|
White | Mixed | Indian | Pakistani | Bangladeshi | Black Caribbean | Black African | Other ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Had met staff before
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 4478 (22.0) |
91 (29.7)
|
183 (32.8)
|
189 (33.5)
|
57 (38.3)
|
51 (31.9)
|
214 (34.2)
|
473 (41.3)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 |
1.61 (1.23-2.10)
|
1.72 (1.43-2.07)
|
1.63 (1.35-1.97)
|
2.09 (1.48-2.96)
|
1.52 (1.06-2.17)
|
1.70 (1.42-2.03)
|
2.45 (2.15-2.79)
|
Able to move around/choose position most of the time
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 14319 (91.4) | 215 (89.6) | 398 (90.9) |
407 (88.9)
|
102 (81.6)
| 100 (84.0) |
388 (87.8)
|
816 (88.1)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.97 (0.74-1.27) | 0.86 (0.71-1.04) |
0.67 (0.56-0.81)
|
0.52 (0.36-0.74)
| 0.85 (0.60-1.20) |
0.69 (0.57-0.83)
|
0.82 (0.72-0.94)
|
Received pain relief you wanted to at least some extent
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 14435 (84.3) | 202 (84.9) | 379 (82.2) | 379 (82.4) | 103 (81.7) | 105 (82.0) | 383 (81.0) | 799 (82.5) |
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 1.22 (0.82-1.80) | 0.91 (0.71-1.18) | 0.89 (0.69-1.15) | 0.85 (0.53-1.36) | 0.82 (0.51-1.32) | 0.85 (0.66-1.08) | 0.92 (0.76-1.11) |
Confidence and trust in staff
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 19701 (96.4) | 303 (95.9) | 547 (95.1) |
549 (93.8)
|
145 (92.4)
| 149 (93.1) | 609 (95.5) |
1118 (95.2)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.97 (0.55-1.72) | 0.71 (0.48-1.06) |
0.61 (0.43-0.88)
|
0.50 (0.27-0.92)
| 0.53 (0.28-1.00) | 0.81 (0.54-1.20) |
0.72 (0.54-0.97)
|
Partner made welcome
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 19806 (98.0) | 296 (96.1) | 549 (97.3) |
541 (95.9)
|
149 (93.7)
| 143 (96.6) | 569 (96.8) | 1122 (98.2) |
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.62 (0.34-1.15) | 0.67 (0.40-1.14) |
0.60 (0.39-0.94)
|
0.34 (0.18-0.67)
| 0.69 (0.27-1.79) | 0.74 (0.44-1.24) | 1.10 (0.68-1.78) |
Left alone and worried in labour
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 2288 (12.3) | 42 (15.3) | 71 (14.7) |
108 (24.5)
|
26 (20.8)
| 23 (16.3) |
86 (16.8)
|
195 (20.4)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 1.38 (0.97-1.98) | 1.24 (0.95-1.61) |
2.28 (1.80-2.87)
|
1.72 (1.09-2.73)
| 1.21 (0.76-1.92) |
1.34 (1.04-1.73)
|
1.83 (1.53-2.18)
|
Left alone and worried after birth
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 1001 (5.8) | 22 (8.7) |
48 (10.4)
|
81 (19.6)
|
13 (11.6)
| 12 (9.2) |
64 (13.1)
|
124 (14.0)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 1.39 (0.87-2.23) |
1.92 (1.40-2.63)
|
3.49 (2.67-4.57)
|
2.12 (1.17-3.85)
| 1.58 (0.85-2.93) |
2.47 (1.85-3.30)
|
2.73 (2.21-3.38)
|
Spoken to in a way could understand
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 19980 (97.8) | 302 (95.9) | 559 (97.7) |
558 (96.2)
|
146 (94.8)
| 153 (95.0) | 615 (96.4) | 1151 (97.6) |
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.54 (0.28-1.01) | 0.95 (0.54-1.67) |
0.60 (0.38-0.94)
|
0.46 (0.22-0.97)
| 0.57 (0.27-1.17) | 0.64 (0.41-1.00) | 1.03 (0.68-1.58) |
Involved enough in decisions
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 18991 (94.3) | 287 (94.4) | 531 (94.8) |
501 (90.4)
| 135 (90.6) |
139 (88.5)
| 583 (94.0) | 1069 (93.0) |
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 1.04 (0.62-1.73) | 1.10 (0.74-1.63) |
0.58 (0.43-0.78)
| 0.62 (0.35-1.10) |
0.50 (0.30-0.83)
| 1.07 (0.74-1.53) | 0.83 (0.65-1.07) |
Labour and birth overall rating good
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 19152 (94.0) |
280 (90.6)
|
514 (89.7)
|
497 (84.8)
|
133 (83.6)
|
142 (88.2)
| 590 (92.2) |
1080 (90.9)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 |
0.65 (0.44-0.98)
|
0.54 (0.41-0.72)
|
0.38 (0.30-0.48)
|
0.35 (0.22-0.54)
|
0.51 (0.31-0.84)
| 0.81 (0.59-1.11) |
0.64 (0.51-0.79)
|
Postnatal care
White | Mixed | Indian | Pakistani | Bangladeshi | Black Caribbean | Black African | Other ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PN stay 3 days or more
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 5658 (28.5) | 102 (32.8) |
206 (36.6)
|
190 (33.8)
| 51 (32.5) | 50 (32.1) |
242 (38.5)
|
381 (33.1)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 1.15 (0.87-1.51) |
1.41 (1.17-1.70)
|
1.47 (1.21-1.79)
| 1.27 (0.88-1.83) | 1.13 (0.78-1.65) |
1.63 (1.36-1.96)
|
1.16 (1.01-1.34)
|
Felt length of stay too long/short vs about right
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 5342 (27.4) | 76 (25.3) |
177 (32.7)
|
189 (34.9)
| 42 (29.0) | 48 (32.0) | 170 (28.6) | 311 (28.7) |
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.85 (0.64-1.12) |
1.28 (1.06-1.55)
|
1.35 (1.12-1.63)
| 1.13 (0.78-1.63) | 1.22 (0.85-1.74) | 1.08 (0.89-1.31) | 1.06 (0.92-1.23) |
Baby put to breast at least once
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 16763 (81.8) |
290 (92.1)
|
563 (97.9)
|
538 (91.2)
|
156 (98.1)
|
150 (94.3)
|
611 (95.2)
|
1144 (96.8)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 |
3.32 (2.12-5.18)
|
12.65 (7.01-22.84)
|
3.64 (2.67-4.95)
|
17.49 (5.40-56.62)
|
7.90 (3.69-16.88)
|
6.75 (4.48-10.16)
|
8.13 (5.67-11.67)
|
Baby was fed by any breast milk vs only formula milk in the first few days
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 15667 (76.7) |
279 (88.9)
|
530 (92.2)
|
475 (80.5)
|
141 (88.7)
|
144 (90.6)
|
592 (92.5)
|
1071 (90.8)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 |
3.14 (2.11-4.68)
|
4.12 (2.96-5.71)
|
1.93 (1.53-2.43)
|
3.23 (1.88-5.55)
|
5.19 (2.89-9.33)
|
5.27 (3.78-7.36)
|
3.45 (2.75-4.33)
|
Generally had consistent advice from midwives and others
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 15230 (77.9) | 248 (82.4) |
472 (83.0)
| 479 (83.4) | 120 (77.9) | 132 (85.2) |
563 (91.0)
|
998 (86.3)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 1.21 (0.88-1.67) |
1.37 (1.09-1.72)
| 1.22 (0.97-1.54) | 0.84 (0.56-1.25) | 1.54 (0.97-2.42) |
2.63 (1.96-3.52)
|
1.82 (1.51-2.18)
|
Given breast feeding support
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 16983 (85.9) | 258 (85.1) | 478 (84.3) | 482 (84.9) | 130 (83.3) | 128 (83.7) |
561 (90.5)
|
1029 (88.8)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.90 (0.64-1.26) | 0.87 (0.68-1.10) | 0.94 (0.73-1.20) | 0.80 (0.51-1.24) | 0.88 (0.56-1.38) |
1.55 (1.17-2.07)
|
1.28 (1.05-1.56)
|
Feeding advice received
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 15421 (87.4) | 232 (84.1) |
449 (83.8)
|
423 (80.9)
| 117 (81.3) | 122 (83.6) | 496 (85.7) | 933 (87.2) |
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.75 (0.53-1.07) |
0.76 (0.60-0.98)
|
0.70 (0.55-0.89)
| 0.68 (0.44-1.05) | 0.90 (0.57-1.42) | 0.93 (0.73-1.20) | 0.95 (0.78-1.15) |
Information on recovery after birth
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 16218 (82.0) | 247 (80.5) | 462 (83.4) |
450 (79.9)
| 126 (81.3) | 124 (80.5) |
548 (87.5)
|
967 (85.4)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.88 (0.65-1.18) | 1.07 (0.85-1.36) |
0.80 (0.64-0.99)
| 0.87 (0.57-1.32) | 0.92 (0.61-1.40) |
1.41 (1.09-1.82)
|
1.29 (1.08-1.55)
|
> = 5 MW visits
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 4961 (24.8) | 60 (20.1) | 124 (22.3) |
111 (19.9)
|
22 (13.8)
| 31 (19.5) |
115 (18.5)
| 259 (22.8) |
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.76 (0.57-1.03) | 0.84 (0.69-1.04) |
0.80 (0.64-0.99)
|
0.46 (0.29-0.73)
| 0.70 (0.47-1.06) |
0.64 (0.52-0.80)
| 0.89 (0.77-1.04) |
Given information/explanations needed
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 10403 (52.4) | 172 (55.5) | 299 (52.8) | 297 (52.8) | 75 (48.4) | 88 (56.4) |
393 (62.2)
| 637 (55.2) |
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 1.10 (0.86-1.40) | 1.02 (0.86-1.21) | 0.91 (0.76-1.09) | 0.77 (0.55-1.08) | 1.07 (0.77-1.50) |
1.38 (1.16-1.65)
| 1.09 (0.96-1.24) |
Had postnatal check
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 18096 (89.2) | 279 (89.1) | 499 (88.6) |
469 (79.8)
|
122 (77.2)
|
127 (81.9)
| 566 (88.4) | 1030 (87.8) |
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 1.09 (0.73-1.61) | 0.95 (0.72-1.24) |
0.53 (0.42-0.66)
|
0.44 (0.30-0.66)
|
0.62 (0.40-0.94)
| 0.98 (0.76-1.26) | 0.87 (0.72-1.06) |
White | Mixed | Indian | Pakistani | Bangladeshi | Black Caribbean | Black African | Other ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In hospital always treated with kindness
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 12616 (63.6) | 203 (65.9) |
325 (57.9)
| 345 (60.8) |
75 (48.4)
| 94 (60.3) | 397 (63.0) |
698 (61.0)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 1.12 (0.87-1.45) |
0.81 (0.68-0.97)
| 0.86 (0.72-1.04) |
0.50 (0.35-0.70)
| 0.84 (0.60-1.17) | 0.92 (0.75-1.07) |
0.87 (0.76-0.99)
|
After hospital discharge, help given when contacted MW
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 13282 (96.2) | 216 (94.3) | 390 (94.9) | 405 (95.3) | 109 (96.5) | 102 (92.7) | 416 (96.5) |
822 (94.6)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.60 (0.32-1.13) | 0.80 (0.50-1.28) | 0.83 (0.51-1.33) | 0.96 (0.35-2.65) | 0.54 (0.26-1.13) | 1.10 (0.64-1.89) |
0.72 (0.52-0.99)
|
Saw MW as much as wanted
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 15732 (78.1) |
213 (69.8)
|
316 (56.6)
|
297 (52.4)
|
78 (50.6)
|
96 (60.8)
|
320 (52.1)
|
613 (53.0)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 |
0.67 (0.52-0.88)
|
0.36 (0.30-0.43)
|
0.32 (0.27-0.38)
|
0.28 (0.20-0.39)
|
0.51 (0.36-0.71)
|
0.32 (0.27-0.37)
|
0.31 (0.27-0.35)
|
Enough information on emotional changes
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 15279 (80.1) | 226 (77.4) | 413 (77.1) |
377 (69.7)
|
99 (67.3)
| 117 (76.5) | 462 (77.6) | 851 (78.1) |
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.81 (0.60-1.08) | 0.83 (0.67-1.03) |
0.58 (0.48-0.71)
|
0.53 (0.37-0.76)
| 0.88 (0.59-1.29) | 0.85 (0.69-1.05) | 0.86 (0.73-1.00) |
Postnatal overall rating good
| ||||||||
n (%)
| 18024 (88.7) | 274 (86.7) |
481 (84.5)
|
485 (82.6)
|
122 (76.7)
|
126 (79.7)
| 579 (89.8) |
1010 (86.3)
|
aOR (95% CI)*
| 1 | 0.79 (0.56-1.13) |
0.67 (0.53-0.85)
|
0.61 (0.48-0.76)
|
0.42 (0.29-0.62)
|
0.54 (0.36-0.80)
| 1.06 (0.81-1.39) |
0.75 (0.63-0.90)
|