Background
Methods
Data
Inconsistencies in gestational age
Gestational age (weeks) | 22–23 | 24–25 | 26–27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Girls | |||||||||
Sample size | 49 | 93 | 507 | 2017 | 917 | 1464 | 1721 | 2659 | 3503 |
μm: Mean major Gaussian (g) | 556 | 713 | 913 | 1071 | 1216 | 1344 | 1541 | 1730 | 1934 |
σm: Std major Gaussian (g) | 125 | 134 | 182 | 213 | 258 | 277 | 306 | 317 | 363 |
μs: Mean sec. Gaussian (g) | 2771 | 3800 | 2141 | 2848 | 2182 | 3103 | 2556 | 2207 | 2322 |
σs: Std sec. Gaussian (g) | 591 | 150 | 805 | 657 | 532 | 613 | 1244 | 787 | 755 |
ps: Weight sec. Gaussian (%) | 3.6 | 0.5 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 8.2 | 4.5 | 7.8 | 9.8 |
Threshold (g) & | 931 | 1115 | 1459 | 1710 | 1990 | 2175 | 2459 | 2681 | 3023 |
Number of births above threshold | 5 | 5 | 25 | 20 | 17 | 92 | 35 | 52 | 51 |
Boys
| |||||||||
Sample size | 49 | 85 | 422 | 1629 | 808 | 1176 | 1357 | 2111 | 2956 |
μm: Mean major Gaussian (g) | 601 | 769 | 969 | 1148 | 1299 | 1434 | 1629 | 1828 | 2040 |
σm: Std major Gaussian (g) | 119 | 150 | 191 | 224 | 243 | 298 | 322 | 335 | 378 |
μs: Mean sec. Gaussian (g) | 2850 | 3479 | 2706 | 2662 | 2209 | 3301 | 2808 | 2248 | 3331 |
σs: Std sec. Gaussian (g) | 354 | 991 | 947 | 978 | 1105 | 907 | 1433 | 842 | 551 |
ps: Weight sec. Gaussian (%) | 4.3 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 4.9 | 7.8 | 3.2 | 7.2 | 1.4 |
Threshold (g) & | 958 | 1219 | 1542 | 1820 | 2028 | 2328 | 2595 | 2833 | 3174 |
Number of births above threshold | 4 | 16 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 103 | 34 | 54 | 33 |
Identification of sibships
Prediction of birth weight in second-born babies
Gestational age of second child (g1: weeks) | Gestational age of first child (g2: weeks) | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
28–33 | 34–35 | 36–37 | 38–39 | 40–41 | >= 42 | SD | |||||||||||||
No. | I | β | No. | I | β | No. | I | β | No. | I | β | No. | I | β | No. | I | β | ||
28–29 | 62 | 900 | 0.198 | 46 | 615 | 0.283 | 55 | 850 | 0.150 | 164 | 1030 | 0.066 | 190 | 735 | 0.148 | 37 | 840 | 0.111 | 240 |
30–31 | 117 | 980 | 0.348 | 65 | 740 | 0.385 | 114 | 1110 | 0.177 | 256 | 1050 | 0.168 | 309 | 880 | 0.207 | 42 | 195 | 0.359 | 320 |
32–33 | 167 | 1430 | 0.360 | 149 | 1270 | 0.312 | 293 | 920 | 0.407 | 557 | 1470 | 0.171 | 613 | 1230 | 0.224 | 78 | 1220 | 0.231 | 360 |
34 | 144 | 1650 | 0.407 | 196 | 1395 | 0.450 | 281 | 1075 | 0.462 | 563 | 1150 | 0.382 | 591 | 1140 | 0.352 | 83 | 1265 | 0.304 | 440 |
35 | 200 | 1675 | 0.496 | 261 | 1285 | 0.575 | 529 | 865 | 0.632 | 925 | 1095 | 0.481 | 941 | 1230 | 0.397 | 124 | 1255 | 0.379 | 440 |
36 | 301 | 2005 | 0.439 | 426 | 1140 | 0.722 | 1107 | 1110 | 0.649 | 2026 | 1335 | 0.490 | 1975 | 1365 | 0.439 | 244 | 1500 | 0.378 | 435 |
37 | 495 | 2450 | 0.341 | 712 | 1705 | 0.566 | 2420 | 1465 | 0.588 | 5388 | 1380 | 0.553 | 5147 | 1270 | 0.539 | 619 | 1385 | 0.485 | 435 |
38 | 659 | 2660 | 0.296 | 1132 | 2095 | 0.488 | 4263 | 1735 | 0.546 | 16229 | 1650 | 0.526 | 17312 | 1560 | 0.521 | 2329 | 1685 | 0.468 | 400 |
39 | 806 | 3050 | 0.212 | 1385 | 2355 | 0.448 | 5872 | 2030 | 0.501 | 31014 | 1750 | 0.541 | 43119 | 1690 | 0.534 | 5487 | 1790 | 0.490 | 385 |
40–41 | 1204 | 3295 | 0.171 | 1863 | 2785 | 0.344 | 8110 | 2345 | 0.446 | 51057 | 1855 | 0.553 | 132010 | 1780 | 0.554 | 25393 | 1905 | 0.510 | 390 |
>= 42 | 145 | 3520 | 0.125 | 182 | 3385 | 0.184 | 695 | 2670 | 0.382 | 4692 | 2220 | 0.488 | 19508 | 1855 | 0.568 | 8479 | 1960 | 0.531 | 415 |
Estimating the relative risk of neonatal death
Results
Prediction of birth weight using family data
Estimation of the risk of neonatal mortality using family data
Birth Weight Ratio & | Achieved birth weight | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<1500 g | 1500–1999 g | 2000–2499 g | 2500–2999 g | 3000–3499 g | 3500–3999 g | >= 4000 g | Total | ||
< 50% | Deaths | 60 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 74 |
Babies | 137 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 172 | |
Absolute risk † | 437.96 | 400.00 | - | - | - | - | - | 430.23 | |
50–60% | Deaths | 22 | 20 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
Babies | 120 | 184 | 89 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 394 | |
Absolute risk † | 183.33 | 108.70 | 89.89 | - | - | - | - | 126.90 | |
60–70% | Deaths | 15 | 9 | 24 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 |
Babies | 133 | 327 | 923 | 287 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1677 | |
Absolute risk † | 122.78 | 27.52 | 26.00 | 20.91 | - | - | - | 32.20 | |
70–80% | Deaths | 23 | 14 | 34 | 36 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 112 |
Babies | 205 | 374 | 2182 | 6585 | 1473 | 24 | 0 | 10843 | |
Absolute risk † | 112.20 | 37.43 | 15.58 | 5.47 | 3.39 | - | - | 10.33 | |
80–90% | Deaths | 27 | 20 | 16 | 47 | 59 | 7 | 0 | 176 |
Babies | 203 | 460 | 1995 | 18662 | 32431 | 4355 | 58 | 58164 | |
Absolute risk † | 133.01 | 43.48 | 8.02 | 2.52 | 1.82 | 1.61 | - | 3.03 | |
90–110% * | Deaths | 35 | 31 | 30 | 40 | 100 | 91 | 32 | 359 |
Babies | 368 | 779 | 2009 | 12331 | 88402 | 125576 | 39621 | 269086 | |
Absolute risk † | 95.11 | 39.80 | 14.93 | 3.24 | 1.13 | 0.72 | 0.81 | 1.33 | |
110–120% | Deaths | 17 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 17 | 19 | 80 |
Babies | 90 | 139 | 351 | 706 | 3208 | 16228 | 34574 | 55296 | |
Absolute risk † | 188.89 | 57.55 | 19.94 | 9.92 | 1.56 | 1.05 | 0.55 | 1.45 | |
>= 120% | Deaths | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 41 |
Babies | 30 | 121 | 191 | 346 | 702 | 2268 | 12667 | 16325 | |
Absolute risk † | 166.67 | 49.59 | 31.41 | 17.34 | 5.70 | 2.20 | 0.71 | 2.51 | |
Total | Deaths | 204 | 122 | 125 | 142 | 173 | 120 | 60 | 946 |
Babies | 1286 | 2419 | 7740 | 38918 | 126223 | 148451 | 86920 | 411957 | |
Absolute risk † | 158.63 | 50.43 | 16.15 | 3.65 | 1.37 | 0.81 | 0.69 | 2.30 |
Birth Weight Ratio & | Achieved birth weight | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<1500 g | 1500–1999 g | 2000–2499 g | 2500–2999 g | 3000–3499 g | 3500–3999 g | >= 4000 g | Total | ||
< 50% | Deaths | 37 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 |
Babies | 67 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | |
Absolute risk † | 552.24 | 424.24 | - | - | - | - | - | 510.00 | |
50–60% | Deaths | 1 | 13 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
Babies | 9 | 147 | 85 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 242 | |
Absolute risk † | - | 88.44 | 94.12 | - | - | - | - | 90.91 | |
60–70% | Deaths | 0 | 1 | 21 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 |
Babies | 0 | 140 | 856 | 233 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1235 | |
Absolute risk † | - | - | 24.53 | 21.46 | - | - | - | 21.86 | |
70–80% | Deaths | 0 | 0 | 20 | 30 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 53 |
Babies | 0 | 44 | 1829 | 6047 | 1153 | 16 | 0 | 9098 | |
Absolute risk † | - | - | 10.93 | 4.96 | 2.60 | - | - | 5.83 | |
80–90% | Deaths | 0 | 0 | 3 | 43 | 54 | 6 | 0 | 106 |
Babies | 0 | 6 | 935 | 17559 | 28852 | 3231 | 39 | 50622 | |
Absolute risk † | - | - | 3.20 | 2.45 | 1.87 | 1.86 | - | 2.09 | |
90–110% * | Deaths | 0 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 88 | 76 | 27 | 204 |
Babies | 0 | 1 | 162 | 9092 | 83708 | 113119 | 31627 | 237709 | |
Absolute risk † | - | - | - | 1.31 | 1.05 | 0.67 | 0.85 | 0.86 | |
110–120% | Deaths | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 14 | 31 |
Babies | 0 | 0 | 2 | 116 | 2408 | 15527 | 30146 | 48199 | |
Absolute risk † | - | - | - | - | - | 1.03 | 0.46 | 0.64 | |
>= 120% | Deaths | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 10 |
Babies | 0 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 279 | 1842 | 11184 | 13327 | |
Absolute risk † | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.71 | 0.75 | |
Total | Deaths | 38 | 28 | 53 | 90 | 147 | 99 | 49 | 504 |
Babies | 76 | 371 | 3871 | 33068 | 116406 | 133735 | 72996 | 360523 | |
Absolute risk † | 500.00 | 75.47 | 13.69 | 2.72 | 1.26 | 0.74 | 0.67 | 1.39 |