Background
Methods
Study population and data collection
Survey measure
Dependent variables
Awareness of cancer symptoms
Awareness of risk factors for cancer
Awareness of growing risk of cancer with age
Awareness of 5-year survival from four different types of cancer
Independent variables
Statistical analysis
Ethics and approval
Results
Response
Total number of persons approached | 11,297 |
Number of ineligible persons | 1,697a
|
Number of persons who could not be contacted after seven attempts | 1,431 |
Number of persons eligible and made contact to
|
8,169
|
Number of persons who refused or did not complete the interview | 5,169b
|
Completed interviews
|
3,000
|
SEP indicators | Respondents n = 3,000 | Study base n = 60,000 |
Pvaluea
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
% (n) | % (n) | ||||
Gender
| <0.01 | ||||
Female
| 55.3 | (1,659) | 51.5 | (30,928) | |
Male
| 44.7 | (1,341) | 48.5 | (29,072) | |
Age group (years)
| <0.01 | ||||
30-49
| 33.3 | (1,000) | 33.3 | (20,000) | |
50-69
| 50.3 | (1,510) | 46.2 | (27,711) | |
≥ 70
| 16.3 | (490) | 20.5 | (12,289) | |
Age, mean (SD)
| 55.9 | (13.3) | 56.7 | (15.1) | |
Marital status
| <0.01 | ||||
Married/cohabiting
| 76.8 | (2,303) | 67.5 | (40,449) | |
Living alone
| 23.2 | (695) | 32.5 | (19,464) | |
Ethnicity
| <0.01 | ||||
Ethnic Danes
| 95.9 | (2,876) | 92.2 | (55,215) | |
Immigrant/descendant
| 4.1 | (122) | 7.8 | (4,698) | |
Educational level
| <0.01 | ||||
High
| 32.3 | (954) | 22.5 | (12,988) | |
Middle
| 46.2 | (1,365) | 47.1 | (27,189) | |
Low
| 21.5 | (634) | 30.4 | (17,503) | |
Occupation
| <0.01 | ||||
In the labour force
| 62.6 | (1,844) | 56.5 | (33,027) | |
Outside the labour force
| 8.1 | (238) | 11.2 | (6,557) | |
Retired
| 29.3 | (864) | 32.3 | (18,844) | |
OECD-modified household income
| <0.01 | ||||
High
| 25.2 | (752) | 20.0 | (11,880) | |
Middle
| 63.6 | (1,902) | 60.0 | (35,641) | |
Low
| 11.2 | (335) | 20.0 | (11,880) | |
Cancer diagnosis within 10 years
| 0.066 | ||||
Yes
| 8.6 | (258) | 7.7 | (4,636) | |
No
| 91.4 | (2,742) | 92.3 | (55,364) | |
Close relative(s) with cancer
| |||||
Yes
| 78.1 | (2,342) | - | - | |
No
| 21.9 | (656) | - | - | |
Self-rated health
| |||||
Good
| 78.0 | (2,334) | - | - | |
Fair/poor
| 22.0 | (659) | - | - |
Awareness of cancer symptoms
Awareness of <9 symptoms of cancer | ||
---|---|---|
SEP indicators | PRunadj.(95% CI) | PR*adj.(95% CI) |
Gender
| ||
Female
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Male
|
1.34 (1.24-1.46)
|
1.30 (1.20-1.41)
|
Age group (years)
| ||
30-49
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
50-69
| 0.92 (0.84-1.01) |
0.86 (0.78-0.94)
|
≥ 70
| 1.08 (0.96-1.21) | 0.94 (0.83-1.06) |
Marital status
| ||
Married/cohabiting
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Living alone
| 1.08 (0.98-1.18) | 1.08 (0.98-1.18) |
Ethnicity
| ||
Ethnic Danes
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Immigrant/descendant
|
1.36 (1.16-1.60)
|
1.28 (1.08-1.50)
|
Educational level
| ||
High
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Middle
|
1.51 (1.36-1.69)
|
1.45 (1.30-1.62)
|
Low
|
1.58 (1.40-1.79)
|
1.57 (1.39-1.78)
|
Occupation
| ||
In the labour force
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Outside the labour force
|
1.21 (1.05-1.39)
|
1.27 (1.11-1.46)**
|
Retired
| 1.08 (0.98-1.19) | 1.13 (0.99-1.29)** |
OECD-modified household income
| ||
High
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Middle
|
1.22 (1.09-1.36)
|
1.19 (1.07-1.33)**
|
Low
|
1.32 (1.14-1.53)
|
1.33 (1.15-1.54)**
|
Cancer diagnosis within 10 years
| ||
Yes
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
No
| 1.02 (0.88-1.19) | 1.07 (0.92-1.25) |
Close relative(s) with cancer
| ||
Yes
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
No
|
1.22 (1.12-1.34)
|
1.17 (1.07-1.28)
|
Self-rated health
| ||
Good
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Fair/poor
|
1.10 (1.00-1.21)
| 1.02 (0.93-1.13) |
Awareness of risk factors for cancer
Awareness of <9 risk factors for cancer | ||
---|---|---|
SEP indicators | PRunadj.(95% CI) | PR*adj.(95% CI) |
Gender
| ||
Female
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Male
|
1.13 (1.05-1.21)
|
1.10 (1.02-1.18)
|
Age group (years)
| ||
30-49
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
50-69
|
1.16 (1.07-1.27)
|
1.11 (1.02-1.21)
|
≥ 70
|
1.36 (1.23-1.51)
|
1.23 (1.10-1.37)
|
Marital status
| ||
Married/cohabiting
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Living alone
|
1.12 (1.04-1.22)
| 1.05 (0.96-1.14) |
Ethnicity
| ||
Ethnic Danes
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Immigrant/descendant
| 1.14 (0.97-1.35) | 1.09 (0.91-1.30) |
Educational level
| ||
High
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Middle
|
1.40 (1.27-1.54)
|
1.35 (1.22-1.48)
|
Low
|
1.53 (1.38-1.70)
|
1.40 (1.26-1.57)
|
Occupation
| ||
In the labour force
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Outside the labour force
|
1.25 (1.11-1.42)
|
1.17 (1.02-1.33)**
|
Retired
|
1.29 (1.20-1.40)
|
1.13 (1.01-1.28)**
|
OECD-modified household income
| ||
High
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Middle
|
1.19 (1.08-1.31)
|
1.19 (1.07-1.33)**
|
Low
|
1.38 (1.22-1.56)
|
1.33 (1.15-1.54)**
|
Cancer diagnosis within 10 years
| ||
Yes
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
No
| 1.02 (0.89-1.17) | 1.06 (0.93-1.21) |
Close relative(s) with cancer
| ||
Yes
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
No
| 0.98 (0.89-1.07) | 0.94 (0.86-1.03) |
Self-rated health
| ||
Good
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Fair/poor
|
1.15 (1.06-1.25)
| 1.06 (0.98-1.16) |
Awareness of growing risk of cancer with age
Lack of awareness of growing risk of cancer with age | ||
---|---|---|
SEP indicators | PRunadj.(95% CI) | PR*adj.(95% CI) |
Gender
| ||
Female
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Male
|
0.91 (0.87-0.95)
|
0.90 (0.83-0.98)
|
Age group (years)
| ||
30-49
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
50-69
| 0.98 (0.94-1.02) | 0.95 (0.86-1.04) |
≥ 70
| 1.00 (0.94-1.06) | 0.92 (0.81-1.05) |
Marital status
| ||
Married/cohabiting
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Living alone
|
1.08 (1.03-1.13)
| 1.05 (0.95-1.16) |
Ethnicity
| ||
Ethnic Danes
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Immigrant/descendant
|
1.10 (1.01-1.19)
| 1.08 (0.88-1.34) |
Educational level
| ||
High
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Middle
|
1.30 (1.23-1.37)
|
1.31 (1.18-1.45)
|
Low
|
1.40 (1.32-1.48)
|
1.42 (1.26-1.60)
|
Occupation
| ||
In the labour force
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Outside the labour force
|
1.14 (1.07-1.21)
| 1.06 (0.91-1.23)** |
Retired
| 1.01 (0.97-1.06) | 1.01 (0.88-1.16)** |
OECD-modified household income
| ||
High
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Middle
|
1.17 (1.11-1.24)
|
1.15 (1.04-1.28)**
|
Low
|
1.23 (1.15-1.32)
|
1.19 (1.02-1.39)**
|
Cancer diagnosis within 10 years
| ||
Yes
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
No
| 1.00 (0.93-1.07) | 1.00 (0.86-1.16) |
Close relative(s) with cancer
| ||
Yes
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
No
| 0.98 (0.94-1.03) | 0.98 (0.88-1.09) |
Self-rated health
| ||
Good
| 1.00 | 1.00 |
Fair/poor
|
1.08 (1.03-1.13)
| 1.03 (0.93-1.14) |
Awareness of 5-year survival from four different types of cancer
Underestimation/overestimation of 5-year survival | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bowel cancer | Breast cancer | Ovarian cancer | Lung cancer | |||||
SEP indicators | PRunadj.(95% CI) | PR*adj.(95% CI) | PRunadj.(95% CI) | PR*adj.(95% CI) | PRunadj.(95% CI) | PR*adj.(95% CI) | PRunadj.(95% CI) | PR*adj.(95% CI) |
Gender
| ||||||||
Female
| 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Male
| 1.02 (0.95-1.08) | 1.03 (0.96-1.09) | 0.98 (0.91-1.05) | 0.97 (0.90-1.05) |
1.06 (1.03-1.08)
|
1.06 (1.03-1.08)
|
1.06 (1.02-1.09)
|
1.05 (1.01-1.09)
|
Age group (years)
| ||||||||
30-49
| 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
50-69
| 0.96 (0.90-1.03) | 0.96 (0.89-1.03) | 1.03 (0.95-1.11) | 1.02 (0.93-1.10) | 0.99 (0.97-1.02) | 0.99 (0.96-1.01) | 1.05 (1.01-1.09) |
1.05 (1.00-1.09)
|
≥ 70
| 0.92 (0.84-1.02) | 0.93 (0.83-1.03) |
1.15 (1.04-1.28)
| 1.11 (0.99-1.24) | 1.00 (0.97-1.04) | 0.99 (0.96-1.03) | 1.08 (1.02-1.14) |
1.06 (1.01-1.12)
|
Marital status
| ||||||||
Married/cohabitating
| 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Living alone
| 1.02 (0.95-1.10) | 1.03 (0.96-1.11) | 1.02 (0.94-1.11) | 0.99 (0.91-1.08) | 1.01 (0.99-1.04) | 1.00 (0.97-1.03) | 0.98 (0.94-1.02) | 0.97 (0.93-1.02) |
Ethnicity
| ||||||||
Ethnic Danes
| 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Immigrant/descendant
| 0.97 (0.82-1.15) | 0.98 (0.82-1.17) | 1.11 (0.94-1.31) | 1.08 (0.90-1.29) | 0.95 (0.88-1.02) | 0.93 (0.86-1.01) | 1.03 (0.94-1.12) | 1.02 (0.93-1.12) |
Educational level
| ||||||||
High
| 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Middle
| 1.03 (0.95-1.10) | 1.02 (0.95-1.10) | 1.02 (0.94-1.11) | 1.02 (0.94-1.11) |
1.04 (1.01-1.07)
|
1.04 (1.01-1.06)
| 1.01 (0.96-1.05) | 1.00 (0.96-1.04) |
Low
| 1.01 (0.92-1.11) | 1.01 (0.92-1.11) | 1.08 (0.98-1.19) | 1.04 (0.94-1.16) |
1.04 (1.01-1.08)
| 1.03 (1.00-1.07) | 1.03 (0.99-1.09) | 1.02 (0.97-1.07) |
Occupation
| ||||||||
In the labour force
| 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Outside the labour force
| 1.08 (0.96-1.21) | 0.99 (0.88-1.12)** |
1.15 (1.01-1.31)
|
1.15 (1.01-1.31)**
| 0.97 (0.92-1.02) |
0.95 (0.90-1.00)**
| 1.00 (0.93-1.07) | 1.00 (0.93-1.07)** |
Retired
| 0.98 (0.91-1.06) | 0.98 (0.88-1.09)** |
1.18 (1.09-1.27)
| 1.12 (0.99-1.26)** | 0.98 (0.95-1.01) | 1.00 (0.97-1.02)** | 1.04 (1.00-1.08) | 0.98 (0.92-1.03)** |
OECD-modified household income
| ||||||||
High
| 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Middle
|
1.12 (1.04-1.21)
|
1.12 (1.04-1.21)**
| 1.00 (0.92-1.08) | 1.00 (0.92-1.09)** | 1.02 (0.99-1.05) | 1.02 (0.93-1.12)** | 1.00 (0.96-1.04) | 1.00 (0.96-1.04)** |
Low
|
1.16 (1.03-1.30)
|
1.18 (1.05-1.33)**
| 1.12 (0.99-1.26) | 1.08 (0.95-1.23)** | 1.02 (0.97-1.06) | 1.02 (0.88-1.19)** | 0.99 (0.92-1.05) | 0.98 (0.91-1.04)** |
Cancer diagnosis within 10 years
| ||||||||
Yes
| 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
No
| 1.04 (0.92-1.16) | 1.00 (0.89-1.13) | 0.90 (0.80-1.01) | 0.94 (0.83-1.06) | 0.99 (0.95-1.03) | 0.99 (0.95-1.04) | 0.99 (0.93-1.05) | 0.99 (0.93-1.06) |
Close relative(s) with cancer
| ||||||||
Yes
| 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
No
|
0.91 (0.83-0.98)
|
0.91 (0.83-0.99)
| 1.07 (0.99-1.16) | 1.07 (0.98-1.16) | 1.00 (0.97-1.03) | 1.00 (0.97-1.02) | 1.01 (0.97-1.06) | 1.00 (0.96-1.04) |
Self-rated health
| ||||||||
Good
| 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Fair/poor
| 1.05 (0.97-1.13) | 1.04 (0.97-1.13) | 0.98 (0.90-1.07) | 0.97 (0.89-1.06) | 1.02 (0.99-1.05) | 1.01 (0.98-1.03) | 1.01 (0.97-1.05) | 1.01 (0.97-1.05) |